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OsPhyA modulates rice flowering time mainly through OsGI under short days and Ghd7 under long days in the absence of phytochrome B

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Abstract

Phytochromes recognize light signals and control diverse developmental processes. In rice, all three phytochrome genes—OsphyA, OsphyB, and OsphyC—are involved in regulating flowering time. We investigated the role of OsPhyA by comparing the osphyA osphyB double mutant to an osphyB single mutant. Plants of the double mutant flowered later than the single under short days (SD) but bolted earlier under long days (LD). Under SD, this delayed-flowering phenotype was primarily due to the decreased expression of Oryza sativa GIGANTEA (OsGI), which controls three flowering activators: Heading date 1 (Hd1), OsMADS51, and Oryza sativa Indeterminate 1 (OsId1). Under LD, although the expression of several repressors, e.g., Hd1, Oryza sativa CONSTANS-like 4 (OsCOL4), and AP2 genes, was affected in the double mutant, that of Grain number, plant height and heading date 7 (Ghd7) was the most significantly reduced. These results indicated that OsPhyA influences flowering time mainly by affecting the expression of OsGI under SD and Ghd7 under LD when phytochrome B is absent. We also demonstrated that far-red light delays flowering time via both OsPhyA and OsPhyB.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kyungsook An and Sunghee Hong for generating the T-DNA insertional lines and managing the transgenic seeds, and Priscilla Licht for her critical proofreading of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr. Kye-Hong Suh (Daegu University, Korea) for measuring the light spectrum and fluence rates of FR light. This work was supported, in part, by grants from the Basic Research Promotion Fund, Republic of Korea (KRF-2007-0093862); the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center, No. PJ01108001); the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea; and Kyung Hee University (20130214).

Author’s contribution

YSL designed the experimental plan, generated double mutants, prepared RNA samples, extracted RNA, monitored expression profiling, observed flowering times, and performed far-red light treatment. YSL and JY prepared protoplast, performed MUG assay, and RNA in situ hybridization. YSL and GA analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. GA provided overall direction for this project and helped with the organization and editing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea

    Yang-Seok Lee, Jakyung Yi & Gynheung An

  2. Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea

    Yang-Seok Lee, Jakyung Yi & Gynheung An

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  1. Yang-Seok Lee
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Lee, YS., Yi, J. & An, G. OsPhyA modulates rice flowering time mainly through OsGI under short days and Ghd7 under long days in the absence of phytochrome B. Plant Mol Biol 91, 413–427 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0474-7

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