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Anthocyanins: a comprehensive review on biosynthesis, structural diversity, and industrial applications

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Abstract

Anthocyanins, a sub-class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites, are the subject of research in numerous pharmacological chemical studies and food industries. These molecules exhibit a wide array of pharmacological benefits own fascinating different molecular architectures and reflect colorful hues, which have made them popular targets for their studies. The potential application of anthocyanins (natural pigment) has attracted numerous widespread industrial interest. The beautiful colorant unveiled by anthocyanins has widened the scope of anthocyanin applications in food. This review summarizes the isolation of more than 200 new anthocyanins during 2010–2023 along with a discussion of their structural diversities, structural elucidation, biosynthetic pathway and more importantly, their industrial relevance in food. These molecules are classified into acylated anthocyanins and non-acylated anthocyanins, which are further divided according to their substitution pattern i.e. O-methylated anthocyanins, 3-deoxyanthocyanins. These are systematized into their derivative viz. pyranoanthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanins dimers, and metalloanthocyanins. The present review also focuses on the structural characterization of anthocyanins by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Director, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India, for their support. CSIR-IHBT communication number for this manuscript is 5256.

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    Nitisha Sendri & Pamita Bhandari

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Nitisha Sendri & Pamita Bhandari

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Sendri, N., Bhandari, P. Anthocyanins: a comprehensive review on biosynthesis, structural diversity, and industrial applications. Phytochem Rev (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-024-09945-9

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