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Effect of titanium ion doping on γ-ray shielding, structure and dielectric characteristics of glasses made of barium zinc borate

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Abstract

An investigation was conducted into the impact of titanium ion (TiO2) on the structural, dielectric, and shielding characteristics of glasses. Density improved from 3.70 to 3.93 g cm−3 as samples containing titanium ions rose from 0.0 to 10 mol% in the glasses network. FTIR investigations revealed the development of functional groups and units, including bridging BO4 and non-bridging BO3, in our recently developed glasses. Throughout the low frequency range, the dielectric constant of every glass filled with various amounts of TiO2 mol% sharply decreased as frequency increased. The dielectric constant value appeared semi-constant as the TiO2 level increased to 4 mol% and then increased at higher concentrations. Every glass that was examined showed distinct relaxation peaks on their measured loss tangent (tan δ) between 100 Hz and 20 kHz. The exposure (EBF) as well as energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors of Ti-X glasses were computed using Phy-X/PSD software as a function of photon energy at 1–40 MFP. Both EBF and EABF improved with increasing photon energy until they reached a maximum, at which point they declined as photon energy continued to rise. The Ti-10.0 glass sample which contains the highest doping of the TiO2 is the most effective removal cross-section. The sample Ti-10.0 had the lowest relaxation length (λFCS) and half value layer (HVLFCS).

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, through the Research Groups Program Grant No. (RGP-1444-0055).

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Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, RGP-1444-0055.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Norah A. M. Alsaif & W. M. Almutairi

  2. Department of Basic and Applied Science, Collage of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy of Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Smart Village, Giza, Egypt

    Adel M. El-Refaey & M. S. Shams

  3. Basic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, 32511, Egypt

    R. A. Elsad

  4. Physics and Mathematical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt

    M. S. Shams

  5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, 32511, Egypt

    Y. S. Rammah

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  1. Norah A. M. Alsaif
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Alsaif, N.A.M., El-Refaey, A.M., Elsad, R.A. et al. Effect of titanium ion doping on γ-ray shielding, structure and dielectric characteristics of glasses made of barium zinc borate. Opt Quant Electron 56, 1098 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06809-6

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