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Protective Role of Capsaicin in Neurological Disorders: An Overview

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Abstract

Different pathological conditions that begin with slow and progressive deformations, cause irreversible affliction by producing loss of neurons and synapses. Commonly it is referred to as ‘protein misfolding’ diseases or proteinopathies and comprises the latest definition of neurological disorders (ND). Protein misfolding dynamics, proteasomal dysfunction, aggregation, defective degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, neuronal Golgi apparatus fragmentation, axonal transport disruption, Neurotrophins (NTFs) dysfunction, neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral changes are the several mechanisms that embark the pathogenesis of ND. Capsaicin (8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) one of the major phenolic components in chili peppers (Capsicum) distinctively triggers the unmyelinated C-fiber and acts on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1, which is a Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channel. Several studies have shown the neuroprotective role of capsaicin against oxidative damage, behavioral impairment, with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Parkinson's disease, pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, global cerebral ischemia, and streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease. Based on these lines of evidence, capsaicin can be considered as a potential constituent to develop suitable neuro-pharmacotherapeutics for the management and treatment of ND. Furthermore, exploring newer horizons and carrying out proper clinical trials would help to bring out the promising effects of capsaicin to be recommended as a neuroprotectant.

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Acknowledgements

ST is thankful to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for the Senior Research Fellowship for the ongoing Doctoral Program at DPSRU. Acknowledgments are due to DPSRU, Govt. of NCT of Delhi for needful infrastructure facility and support to the authors.

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  1. Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India

    Sakshi Tyagi, Nikhila Shekhar & Ajit Kumar Thakur

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Tyagi, S., Shekhar, N. & Thakur, A.K. Protective Role of Capsaicin in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 47, 1513–1531 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03549-5

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