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Bareroot versus container stocktypes: a performance comparison

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Abstract

This review examines the published work on bareroot and container stocktypes in forest restoration programs. The objective was to define overall trends between these two stocktypes and describe what they mean in terms of available information on their nursery and field performance. Stock quality assessments show bareroot seedlings have larger shoot systems because they are typically grown at lower densities, and in many instances longer timeframes, than container seedlings. Container systems typically produce seedlings having a lower shoot to root ratio and a greater root growth potential, conferring greater drought avoidance potential. However, assessments of stress resistance and nutrition found no conclusive evidence that either stocktype has a performance advantage, other than the container plug acting as a source of water and nutrient storage available for outplanting performance. Bareroot seedlings are more sensitive to handling practices of lifting, storage, transport and planting and these practices can negatively affect their performance. Container seedlings can have a higher level of field survival which is related, in part, to their greater drought avoidance potential, thereby overcoming planting stress. Bareroot and container seedlings have comparable survival rates on sites with minimal planting stress. Once seedlings are established, bareroot and container seedlings can have comparable field performance. In many instances where plant competition is the main limiting site variable, larger sized bareroot and container stocktypes have the best chance for successful stand establishment. The lack of a natural root form and root distribution for both stocktypes is a debated mechanical stability issue, though risks of windthrow have not been consistently demonstrated for either stocktype.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Allison Hunt for compiling the initial list of references. The authors also thank John Mexal, the Associate Editor and referees for reviewing and improving the manuscript during preparation. This work was funded by the Johnson’s Family Forest Biotechnology Endowment and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada—Discovery and the IRC grants to YAK.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NurserytoForest Solutions, Saanichton, BC, Canada

    Steven C. Grossnickle

  2. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Yousry A. El-Kassaby

Authors
  1. Steven C. Grossnickle
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  2. Yousry A. El-Kassaby
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven C. Grossnickle.

Appendices

Appendix 1

See Table 2 and Fig. 1.

Table 2 Citation list for stock quality morphological attributes of bareroot and container seedlings
Full size table

Appendix 2

See Table 3 and Handling Practices Section.

Table 3 Citation list for bareroot and container seedlings during handling steps
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Appendix 3

See Table 4 and Fig. 5.

Table 4 Citation list for the comparison of bareroot and container seedlings for field survival
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Appendix 4

See Table 5, and Survival and Planting Stress Sections.

Table 5 Citation list for the comparison of bareroot and container seedlings during planting stress
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Appendix 5

See Table 6 and Fig. 8

Table 6 Complete citation list for growth of bareroot and container seedlings during field establishment
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Grossnickle, S.C., El-Kassaby, Y.A. Bareroot versus container stocktypes: a performance comparison. New Forests 47, 1–51 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-015-9476-6

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