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Defect-engineered Ag/ZnO and Ag2O/ZnO nanomaterials prepared with nanoparticles synthesized by a sustainable sol–gel method and their biological responses

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Abstract

ZnO/Ag and ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites were produced using ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via a starch-mediated sol–gel method. XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed the wurtzite-like structure of spherical 16-nm ZnO nanocrystals. These nanocrystals were further decorated with cubic nearly spherical ~ 7-nm Ag and irregular ~ 6-nm Ag2O nanocrystals, resulting in nanocomposites with distinct structural characteristics. The morphological analysis confirmed the distinct shapes and sizes of Ag, Ag2O, and ZnO nanoparticles. The nanocomposites exhibited a tuned optical bandgap and structural defects like \({V}_{Zn}\), VO, and \({V}_{O}^{+}\). In vitro biological tests revealed that the Ag2O/ZnO nanocomposite displayed significantly enhanced antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. These enhanced biological properties were attributed in part to the unique morphology of Ag2O nanoparticles and the defective nature of ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposite. These results demonstrate that the green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles decorated with Ag2O emerge as a promising material for biomedical applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Código financeiro 001) and FAPEAM (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, EDITAL N. 010/2021- CT&I ÁREAS PRIORITÁRIAS and EDITAL N. 013/2022-PRODUTIVIDADE EM CT&I) for the financial support, as well as the use of the infrastructure of the Analytical Center of Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) and the infrastructure of Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos of Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (CMABio—UEA). GQR acknowledges funding support from CNPq Processo 100740/2023-5. H.D.d.F.F. acknowledges funding support from CNPq Processo 306210/2022-3).

Funding

Funding was received for this work. All of the sources of funding for the work described in this publication are acknowledged as follows: Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grants no. 100740/2023–5 and 306210/2022–3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (P²CEM), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, 49.100-000, Brazil

    Mário R. P. da Silva, Gabriela S. Andrade & Luis E. Almeida

  2. Amazonian Materials Group, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Physics Department, Macapá, AP, 68.900-000, Brazil

    Robert S. Matos

  3. Laboratory of Corrosion and Nanotechnology (LCNT), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, 49.100-000, Brazil

    Michael D. S. Monteiro

  4. Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Nanoscopy (LSNN), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Physics Department, Manaus, AM, 69.067-005, Brazil

    Henrique D. da Fonseca Filho

  5. Multiuser Center for the Analysis of Biomedical Phenomena (CMA-Bio), State University of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, 69.065-001, Brazil

    Glenda Q. Ramos

  6. Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Cristovão, SE, 49.100-000, Brazil

    Samuel B. Santos

  7. Postgraduate Program in Energy, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, 29.932-540, Brazil

    George R. S. Andrade

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  1. Mário R. P. da Silva
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da Silva, M.R.P., Matos, R.S., Monteiro, M.D.S. et al. Defect-engineered Ag/ZnO and Ag2O/ZnO nanomaterials prepared with nanoparticles synthesized by a sustainable sol–gel method and their biological responses. J Nanopart Res 26, 69 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-05973-w

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