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One-step synthesis of Cu/Therminol VP-1 nanofluids by phase transfer method and their thermal stability and thermophysical properties

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Abstract

Heat transfer oil-based nanofluids with metal nanoparticles can enhance energy conversion system thermal efficiency. However, high-surface-energy nanoparticles tend to aggregate, causing nanofluid instability. This study employed a one-step phase transfer synthesis method to prepare Therminol VP-1-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. These nanofluids had uniform particle sizes of approximately 10.6 nm and excellent dispersion. The impact of four surfactants (Span-80, Tween-40, oleic acid, and dodecanethiol) on nanofluid stability was investigated, determining the optimal surfactant concentration range for superior dispersion stability. Nanofluid stability was also evaluated considering nanoparticle concentration, temperature variations, and heating–cooling cycles. Additionally, the influence of temperature and nanoparticle concentration on nanofluid thermal conductivity and viscosity was examined. A theoretical model based on Brownian motion has been used to predict thermal conductivity. The predicted values agreed well with experimental results when considering the variation in nanoparticle size caused by particle aggregation during the experiments.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The raw datasets, including the primary data used to generate the figures and tables in this manuscript, will be stored in a secure repository for a period of 5 years following the publication of this article. Access to the data can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author at zhoulu@tyut.edu.cn.

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Basic Research Projects of Shanxi Province, China [grant number 20210302123199].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Thermal Engineering, School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China

    Lu Zhou, Jiewei Zhu & Honghe Ma

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  1. Lu Zhou
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  2. Jiewei Zhu
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Contributions

Lu Zhou: Methodology, Roles/Writing -original draft. Jiewei Zhu: Investigation, Data curation. Honghe Ma: Funding acquisition, Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Lu Zhou.

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Zhou, L., Zhu, J. & Ma, H. One-step synthesis of Cu/Therminol VP-1 nanofluids by phase transfer method and their thermal stability and thermophysical properties. J Nanopart Res 26, 35 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-05950-3

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