Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Increase in Low-Carbon Steel 12GBA Strength and Cold Resistance by a Deformation-Thermal Effect

  • THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENT
  • Published:
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Aims and scope

The effect of two regimes of all-round isothermal forging (AIF) in a hydraulic press and subsequent annealing on the structure and mechanical properties of structural low-carbon steel 12GBA is analyzed. Steel structure is studied by the EBSD method and scanning electron microscopy. Steel mechanical properties are determined in tensile tests. Total impact energy in the loading diagrams is plotted in terms of the energy expended on crack generation and propagation. It is shown that AIS forms a relatively equiaxed ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure. Formation of an equiaxed UFG structure with grain/subgrain sizes of 0.4 – 0.5 μm during forging doubles strength properties and retains ductility at a good enough level compared with the initial fine-grained structure. The ductile-brittle transition temperature is lowered. UFG steel has a better impact strength below –40°C compared with the initial condition. Additional annealing at 550°C increases impact strength and shifts the ductile-brittle transition temperature towards lower values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yu. P. Solntsev, B. S. Ermakov, and O. I. Sleptsov, Materials for Low and Cryogenic Temperatures: Encyclopedic Reference Book [in Russian], KhIMIZDAT, St. Petersburg (2008).

  2. P. D. Odesskii and I. I. Bedyakov, Impact Strength, Steels for Metal Structures [in Russian], Intermet Inzhiniring, Moscow (2003).

  3. L. I. Éfron, Materials Science in “Large” Metallurgy. Pipe Steels [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (2012).

  4. S. N. Sergeev, I. M. Safarov, A. P. Zhilyaev, et al., “Effect of deformation-thermal action on structure and mechanical property formation of low-carbon structural steel,” Fiz. Metall. Metalloved., 122(6), 665 – 672 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  5. I. M. Safarov, A. V. Korznikov, R. M. Galeev, et al., Impact strength dependence temperature anomaly for low-carbon steel with an ultra-fine-grained structure,” Dokl. Akad Nauk, 466(3), 2890292 (2016).

  6. A. Dolzhenko, Z. Yanushkevich, S. A. Nikulin, et al., “Impact toughness of an S700MC-type steel: Tempforming vs ausforming,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 723, 259 – 268 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. Z. Valiev, G. V. Klevtsov, N. A. Klevtsova, et al., “Effect of equal channel axial forming and subsequent heating on steel 10 strength and failure mechanism,” Deform. Razrush. Mater., No. 1, 21 – 25 (2013).

  8. Y. Kimura, T. Inoue, and K. Tsuzaki, “Tempforming in medium-carbon low-alloy steel,” 577, 5538 – 5542 (2013).

  9. S. V. Zherebtsov, R. M. Galeev, O. R. Valiakhmetov, et al., “Submicrocrystalline structure formation in titanium alloys by intense plastic deformation,” Kuzn.-Shtamp. Proiz-vo, No. 7, 17 – 22 (10999).

  10. L. R. Botvina, Failure: Kinetics, Mechanisms, General Features [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (2008).

  11. V. M. Finkel’, Failure Physics [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1970).

  12. V. M. Chernov, B. K. Kardashev, and K. A. Moroz, “Cold brittleness and failure of metals with different crystal lattices – dislocation mechanisms,” Zh. Tekhn. Fiz., 86(7), 57 – 64 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Problems of Metal Superplasticity, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPSM RAN), Ufa, Russia

    S. N. Sergeev, I. M. Safarov & R. M. Galeev

  2. E. S. Gorkunov Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrO RAN IMASh), Ekaterinburg, Russia

    S. V. Gladkovskii

Authors
  1. S. N. Sergeev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. M. Safarov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. M. Galeev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. V. Gladkovskii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. N. Sergeev.

Additional information

Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 6, pp. 3 – 9, June, 2022.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sergeev, S.N., Safarov, I.M., Galeev, R.M. et al. Increase in Low-Carbon Steel 12GBA Strength and Cold Resistance by a Deformation-Thermal Effect. Met Sci Heat Treat 64, 295–300 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-022-00804-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-022-00804-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation