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The advent of RNA-based therapeutics for metabolic syndrome and associated conditions: a comprehensive review of the literature

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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent and intricate health condition affecting a significant global population, characterized by a cluster of metabolic and hormonal disorders disrupting lipid and glucose metabolism pathways. Clinical manifestations encompass obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, contributing to heightened risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Existing medications often fall short in addressing the syndrome’s multifaceted nature, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and potential long-term health risks. This scenario underscores the pressing need for innovative therapeutic approaches in MetS management. RNA-based treatments, employing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), emerge as promising strategies to target underlying biological abnormalities. However, a summary of research available on the role of RNA-based therapeutics in MetS and related co-morbidities is limited. Murine models and human studies have been separately interrogated to determine whether there have been recent advancements in RNA-based therapeutics to offer a comprehensive understanding of treatment available for MetS. In a narrative fashion, we searched for relevant articles pertaining to MetS co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, dementia, colorectal cancer, and endocrine abnormalities. We emphasize the urgency of exploring novel therapeutic avenues to address the intricate pathophysiology of MetS and underscore the potential of RNA-based treatments, coupled with advanced delivery systems, as a transformative approach for achieving more comprehensive and efficacious outcomes in MetS patients.

Graphical abstract

Incorporating the basis of RNA therapeutics in metabolic syndrome. RNA ribonucleic acid, mRNA messenger RNA, ASO anti-sense oligonucleotide, miRNA microRNA, siRNA small interfering RNA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

    Helen Ye Rim Huang, Mohammad Said, Siddiqah Shah & Maen Monketh Alrawashdeh

  2. Department of Biomedical Science, The University of the West Scotland, Paisley, Scotland

    Sarah Badar

  3. Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Hareesha Rishab Bharadwaj

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Krishna Ramamoorthy

  5. Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Faaraea Haroon

  6. Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Jawad Basit & Sajeel Saeed

  7. Faculty of Medicine and Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Narjiss Aji

  8. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

    Gary Tse

  9. School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China

    Gary Tse

  10. Directorate of Factories, Department of Labour, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India

    Priyanka Roy

  11. Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA

    Mainak Bardhan

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  1. Helen Ye Rim Huang
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  14. Mainak Bardhan
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Contributions

Conceptualization of topic and coordination of reading, writing, and editing: HH; Reading, writing, and editing of the original draft: All authors; Critical revision of the manuscript: HH, SB, MS, MB; Figures and tables: HH, SB, MS; Final approval of manuscript: HH, MB.

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Correspondence to Mainak Bardhan.

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Huang, H.Y.R., Badar, S., Said, M. et al. The advent of RNA-based therapeutics for metabolic syndrome and associated conditions: a comprehensive review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 51, 493 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09457-x

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