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MiRNAs related in signaling pathways of women’s reproductive diseases: an overview

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Abstract

Background

One of the main health issues that can affect women's health is reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), uterine leiomyomas (ULs), and ovarian cancer (OC). Although these diseases are very common, we do not have a complete understanding of their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. It is important to mention that the majority of patients are diagnosed with these diseases at later stages because of the absence of early diagnostic techniques and dependable molecular indicators. Hence, it is crucial to discover novel and non-invasive biomarkers that have prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. MiRNAs, also known as microRNAs, are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are short in length, typically consisting of around 22 nucleotides, and are highly conserved across species. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are expressed differently in various diseases and can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors.

Methods

The author conducted a comprehensive review of all the pertinent papers available in web of science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases.

Results

We achieved three goals: providing readers with better information, enhancing search results, and making peer review easier.

Conclusions

This review focuses on the investigation of miRNAs and their involvement in various reproductive disorders in women, including their molecular targets. Additionally, it explores the role of miRNAs in the development and progression of these disorders.

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Data availability

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Abbreviations

MiRNAs:

MicroRNAs

PCOS:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

IR:

Insulin resistance

KGN:

Human granulosa tumor cells

CDKI:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor

GC:

Granulosa cell

PDCD4:

Programmed cell death protein 4

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

ESR2:

Estrogen receptor 2

CYP11A1:

Cytochrome P450 family 11A1

OD:

Oocyte donor

VDR:

Vitamin D receptors

ET-1:

Endothelin-1

Foxa1:

Forkhead box A1

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter type 4

IRS1:

Insulin receptor substrate 1

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

EMs:

Endometriosis

ESCs:

Endometrial stromal cells

TLR-4:

Toll-like receptor 4

LAMC2:

Laminin-2

TFAP2C:

Transcription factor AP-2

UPK1B:

Uroplakin1B

FRAS1:

Fraser syndrome 1

COL3A:

Collagen type III A

ECSCs:

Endometriotic cyst stromal cells

SMARCD1:

Chromatin subfamily D member 1

MMP1:

Matrix metallopeptidase 1

MMP-2:

Matrix metalloproteinase-2

MMP-9:

Matrix metalloproteinase-9

SIRT1:

Sirtuin 1

KLF-12:

Kruppel-like factor 12

KLF4:

Krüppel-like factor 4

ZEB1:

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1

ZEB2:

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2

MALAT1:

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

HOXA9:

Homeobox A9

HOXA10:

Homeobox A10

NTN4:

Netrin-4

FGFR1:

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

PGR:

Progesterone receptor

KLF9:

Krüppel-like factor 9

ULs:

Uterine leiomyomas

AUB:

Abnormal uterine bleeding

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

HMGA2:

High motility group A2

OncomiR:

Oncogenic miRNA

PKB:

Protease kinase B

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

TF3:

Tissue factor 3

CTGF:

Connective tissue growth factor

IL-8:

Interleukin-8

E2F1:

E2F transcription factor 1

CCND1:

Cyclin D1

IGFBP5:

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 5

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

LPCs:

Leiomyoma progenitor cells

OC:

Ovarian cancer

PARP:

Poly ADP-ribose polymerase

PLK1:

Polo-like kinase-1

RAD51AP1:

RAD51-associated protein 1 gene

EAOC:

Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer

SOC:

Serous ovarian cancer

OCCC:

Ovarian clear cell cancer

ATG7:

Autophagy-related protein 7

IGT:

Impaired glucose tolerance

AR:

Antiandrogenic

HEECs:

Human endometrial epithelial cells

FOXP3:

Forkhead box P3

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Deputy for research and technology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran for providing spiritual support to accomplish the present study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the No: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1402.007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

    Malihe Bagheri & Mahdieh Mondanizadeh

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

    Behzad Khansarinejad

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

    Mohadeseh Azimi

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghods Hospital, Arak, Iran

    Shima Alavi

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  1. Malihe Bagheri
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  2. Behzad Khansarinejad
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  3. Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
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  4. Mohadeseh Azimi
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  5. Shima Alavi
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Contributions

Conceptualization: BK, SA, and MM; Investigation: MB, BK, SA, and MM; Resources: MM, MB, and MA; Writing—original draft preparation: MM and MB; Writing review and editing: MA, MB and MM. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mahdieh Mondanizadeh.

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Bagheri, M., Khansarinejad, B., Mondanizadeh, M. et al. MiRNAs related in signaling pathways of women’s reproductive diseases: an overview. Mol Biol Rep 51, 414 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09357-0

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