Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her) family signaling has been linked to diverse cancers, which includes four members: Her1, Her2, Her3 and Her4 as well as a variety of homologous analogs; they share a similar kinase domain fold but exhibit different functions in the cell. Receptor-associated late transducer (RALT) is a natural feedback regulator of Her signaling. The protein binds at and disrupts the activation interface of Her kinase domains to inactivate the kinases. Considering that the kinase domains and active sites of all Her members are highly conserved, RALT would have a broad specificity and cross-reactivity over different Her kinases. Here, we created a systematic selectivity profile of seven RALT peptides against four Her kinases and thirteen other receptor tyrosine kinases (Rtks) by combining homology modeling, ligand grafting, affinity scoring and binding assay, aiming to give a molecular insight into the recognition specificity and promiscuity of RALT peptides across these Her/Rtk kinases. The created profile was analyzed at structural and energetic levels; most peptides have only a low or moderate selectivity that cannot effectively differentiate different kinases with a high recognition specificity, thus rendering a potential off-target effect. The off-target, on the one hand, may cause RALT-derived peptidic inhibitors with significant adverse reactions and, on the other hand, make these inhibitors as promising candidates for the new use of old drugs. To practice the latter, two RALT peptides Sgm1-p2 and Sgm2-p2 with high theoretical selectivity for a case Rtk kinase were identified in the profile, which were compared with cognate small-molecule inhibitors. Structural analysis revealed that Sgm1-p2 and Sgm2-p2 bind to the kinase in a spatially independent but functionally dependent manner.
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This work was supported by the zch organization.
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Zhang, Q., Jing, T., Cui, X. et al. Rational Molecular Profiling of Receptor-Associated Late Transducer Peptide Selectivity Across Her/Rtk Kinases. Int J Pept Res Ther 27, 1945–1951 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-021-10223-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-021-10223-x