Abstract
Lamellar double hydroxides (LDH) are a class of inorganic materials widely used as pharmaceutical ingredients. However, their use as excipients and mainly as drug carriers lacks specific research in pharmaceutical technology, as there are no publications capable of defining the behavior of these materials as components of a formulation in the presence of other pharmaceutical adjuvants already consolidated. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the excipient–excipient compatibility of calcium and aluminum LDH (LDH–CaAl) against other excipients, including colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil®), soluble starch (SS), microcrystalline cellulose 101 (MCC), magnesium stearate (MS), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), lactose monohydrate (LACM), sodium starch glycollate (SSG), PVP-K30 and talc. Initially, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform (FTIR) and thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) was performed. When signs of possible interactions were observed, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed as a complementary technique. At the end of the study, the FTIR spectra and the TG curves of LDH–CaAl and each of the isolated excipients were compared with the analysis of the binary mixtures, where there is compatibility between LDH–CaAl and all excipients tested. Although the XRD has been used to assess evidence of interactions in mixtures with stearate, lactose, PVP and talc, the joint analysis of the results proved to be satisfactory. All these pioneering results suggest, therefore, the acceptability and suitability of LDH–CaAl as a potentially scalable excipient for the development of safe and rational dosage forms.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Timóteo TRR, de Melo CG, de Danda LJA, Silva LCPBB, Fontes DAF, Silva PCD, et al. Layered double hydroxides of CaAl: a promising drug delivery system for increased dissolution rate and thermal stability of praziquantel. Appl Clay Sci. 2019;180(May):105197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105197.
Cunha VRR, Ferreira AMC, Constatino VRL. Hidróxidos duplos lamelares: nanopartículas inorgânicas para armazenamento e liberação de espécies de interesse biológico e terapêutico. Quim Nova. 2010;33(1):159–71. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422010000100029.
Bi X, Zhang H, Dou L. Layered double hydroxide-based nanocarriers for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2014;6:298–332. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics6020298.
Qu J, Zhang Q, Li X, He X, Song S. Mechanochemical approaches to synthesize layered double hydroxides: a review. Appl Clay Sci. 2016;119:185–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.018.
Tyagi S, Kharkwal A, Nitu KM, Sharma R. Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxides containing optically active transition metal ion. Solid State Sci. 2017;63:93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.11.012.
Shafiei SS, Solati-hashjin M, Rahim-Zadeh H, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Synthesis and characterisation of nanocrystalline Ca–Al layered double hydroxide {[Ca2Al(OH)6]NO3·nH2O}: in vitro study. Adv Appl Ceram. 2013;112(1):59–65. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743676112Y.0000000045.
Meng Z, Zang Y, Zhang Q, Chen X, Liu L, Komarneni S, Lz F. Novel synthesis of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) from zinc hydroxide. Appl Surf Sci. 2017;396:799–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.032.
Bendinelli EV, Rocha AC, Barcia OE, Aoki I, Margarit-Mattos I. Effects of lamellar reconstruction routes in the release of molybdate encapsulated in MgeAl layered double hydroxides. Mater Chem Phys. 2016;173:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.12.049.
Raja TSG, Jeyasubramanian K. Applied surface science tuning the superhydrophobicity of magnesium stearate decorated ZnO porous structures for self-cleaning urinary coatings. Appl Surf Sci. 2017;423:293–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.188.
Varga G, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z, Korecz L, Muráth S, Csendes Z, Peintler G, Carlson S, Sipos P, Pálinkó I. Mn(II)–amino acid complexes intercalated in CaAl-layered double hydroxide—Wellcharacterized, highly efficient, recyclable oxidation catalysts. J Catal. 2016;335:125–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.12.023.
Rocha DP, Anjos GTC, Neri TS, Tronto J, Pinto FG, Silva SG, Coelho NMM. A flow injection procedure using layered double hydroxide for on line pre-concentration of fluoride. Talanta. 2018;178:102–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.015.
Narang AS, Mantri RV, Raghavan KS. Excipient compatibility and functionality. In: Developing solid oral dosage forms. Academic Press; 2017. p. 151–79.
Oniszczuk T, Combrzy M, Id AM, Oniszczuk A. Physical assessment, spectroscopic and chemometric analysis of starch-based foils with selected functional additives. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2):1–19.
Sechi S, Chiavolelli F, Spissu N, Di Cerbo A, Canello S, Guidetti G, et al. An antioxidant dietary supplement improves brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in serum of aged dogs: preliminary results. J Vet Med. 2015;23(2015):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/412501].
Zhang K, Xu ZP, Lu J, Tang ZY, Zhao HJ, Good DA, Wei MQ. Potential for layered double hydroxides-based, innovative drug delivery systems. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(5):7409–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15057409.
Zhan T, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Deng H, Xu J, Hou W. Ultrathin layered double hydroxide nanosheets prepared from a waterin-ionic liquid surfactant-free microemulsion for phosphate removal from aquatic systems. Chem Eng J. 2016;302:459–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.073.
Suresh K, Kumar RY, Pugazhenthi G. Processing and characterization of polystyrene nanocomposites based on CoeAl layered double hydroxide. J Sci Adv Mater Dev. 2016;1:351–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.07.007.
Rives V, Del-Arco M, Martín C. Intercalation of drugs in layered double hydroxides and their controlled release: a review. Appl Clay Sci. 2014;88–89:239–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.12.002.
Kuthati Y, Kankala RK, Lee C. Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Current status and recent prospects. Appl Clay Sci. 2015;112–13:100–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.04.018.
Chakraborty M, Mitra M, Chakraborty J. One-pot synthesis of CaAl-layered double hydroxidemethotrexate nanohybrid for anticâncer application. Bull Mater Sci. 2017;40(6):1203–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-017-1468-z.
Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients, vol. 6. Springer; 2009. p. 917.
Lutfi Z, Kalim Q, Shahid A, Nawab A. Water chesnut, rice, corn starches and sodium alginate. A comparative study on the physicochemical, thermal and morphological characteristics of starches dry heating. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;184:476–82.
Del-Arco M, Fernández A, Rives V. Solubility and release of fenbufen intercalated in Mg, Al and Mg, Al, Fe layered double hydroxides (LDH): the effect of Eudragits S 100 covering. J Solid State Chem. 2010;183:3002–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2010.10.017.
Majerová D, Kulaviak L, Ruzicka M, Stepánek F, Zámostný P. Effect of colloidal silica on rheological properties of common pharmaceutical excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2016;106:2–8.
Tian DY, Wang Y, Li SP, Li XD. Synthesis of methotrexatum intercalated layered double hydroxides by different methods: Biodegradation process and bioassay explore. Appl Clay Sci. 2015;118:87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.09.007.
Sun Y, Zhou Y, Ye X, Chen J, Wang Z. Fabrication and infrared emissivity study of hybrid materials based on immobilization of collagen on to exfoliated LDH. Mater Lett. 2008;62:2943–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.080.
Fontes DAF, de Lyra MAM, de Andrade JKF, de Medeiros Schver GCR, Rolim LA, da Silva TG, et al. CaAl-layered double hydroxide as a drug delivery system: effects on solubility and toxicity of the antiretroviral efavirenz. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem. 2016;85(3–4):281–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-016-0627-y.
El-Gizawy SA, Osman MA, Arafa MF, El MGM. Aerosil as a novel co-crystal co-former for improving the dissolution rate of hydrochlorothiazide. Int J Pharm. 2015;478:773–8.
Tiţa B, Fuliaş A, Bandur G, Marian E, Tiţa D. Compatibility study between ketoprofen and pharmaceutical excipients used in solid dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;56(2):221–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.017.
Jonat S, Hasenzahl S, Drechsler M, Albers P, Wagner KG, Schmidt PC. Investigation of compacted hydrophilic and hydrophobic colloidal silicon dioxides as glidants for pharmaceutical excipientes. Powder Technol. 2004;141(1–2):31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2004.01.020.
Jonat S, Hasenzahl S, Gray A, Schmidt PC. Mechanism of glidants: Investigation of the effect of different colloidal silicon dioxide types on powder flow by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. J Pharm Sci. 2004;93(10):2635–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.20172.
Limpakomon S, Kulvanich P, Chatchawalsaisin J. Effect of polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil solutions on the wet mass of colloidal silicon dioxide for extrusion/spheronization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;53:101155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101155.
Kittipongpatana OS, Kittipongpatana N. Preparation and physicomechanical properties of coprecipitated rice starch-colloidal silicon dioxide. Powder Technol. 2012;217:377–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.10.051.
Rojek B, Wesolowski M. FTIR and TG analyses coupled with factor analysis in a compatibility study of acetazolamide with excipients. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2019;208:285–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.020.
Santana CP, Fernandes FHA, Brandão DO, Silva PCD, Correia LP, Nóbrega FP, Medeiros FD, Diniz PHGD, Véras G, Medeiros ACD. Compatibility study of dry extract of Ximenia americana L. and pharmaceutical excipients used in solid state. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;133:603–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6764-8.
Sun W-J, Sun CC. A microcrystalline cellulose based drug-composite formulation strategy for developing low dose drug tablets. Int J Pharm. 2020;585:119517.
Tarchoun AF, Trache D, Klapötke TM, Krumm B, Khimeche K, Mezroua A. A promising energetic biopolymer based on azide-functionalized microcrystalline cellulose: synthesis and characterization. Carbohydr Polym. 2020;249:116820.
De Melo CM, de Medeiros Vieira ACQ, de Silva Nascimento AL, Figueirêdo CBM, Rolim LA, Soares-Sobrinho JL, De Roca Soares MF. A compatibility study of the prototype epiisopiloturine and pharmaceutical excipients aiming at the attainment of solid pharmaceutical forms. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;120(1):689–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4163-y.
Da Silveira LM, Fiorot AB, Xavier TP, Yoshida MI, de Oliveira MA. Drug-excipient compatibility assessment of solid formulations containing meloxicam. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;112:146–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.015.
Yin H, Song P, Chen X, Huang Q, Huang H. A self-healing hydrogel based on oxidized microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl chitosan as wound dressing material. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;221:1606–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.060.
Mubarak MF, Zayed AM, Ahmed HÁ. Activated carbon/carborundum@microcrystalline cellulose core shell nano-composite: synthesis, characterization and application for heavy metals adsorption from aqueous solutions. Ind Crops Prod. 2022;182:114896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114896.
Yang P, Yan M, Tian C, Huang X, Lu H, Zhou X. Solvent-free preparation of thermoplastic biomaterials from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) through reactive extrusion. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;217:193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.006.
Haron GAS, Mahmood H, Noh HB, Goto M, Moniruzzaman M. Cellulose nanocrystals preparation from microcrystalline cellulose using ionic liquid-DMSO binary mixture as a processing medium. J Mol Liq. 2022;346:118208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118208.
Zhou F, Gu Z, Zeng Z, Tang X, Li C, Fang Z, Hu B, Chen H, Wang C, Chen S, Wu H, Wu W, Liu Y. Preparation, characterization and application of Konjac glucomannan/pullulan/microcrystalline cellulose/tea polyphenol active blend film. Food Biosci. 2022;49:101898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101898.
Graninger G, Kumar S, Garrett G, Falzon BG. Effect of shear forces on dispersion-related properties of microcrystalline cellulose-reinforced EVOH composites for advanced applications. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2020;139:106103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106103.
Kacso I, Rus LM, Martin F, Miclaus M, Filip X, Dan M. Solid-state compatibility studies of Ketoconazole–Fumaric acid co-crystal with tablet excipients. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09340-4.
Fuliaş A, Ledeţi I, Vlase G, Popoiu C, Hegheş A, Bilanin M, et al. Thermal behaviour of procaine and benzocaine. Part II: compatibility study with some pharmaceutical excipients used in solid dosage forms. Chem Cent J. 2013;7:140. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-140.
Moraes ANF, Silva LAD, de Oliveira MA, et al. Compatibility study of hydroxychloroquine sulfate with pharmaceutical excipients using thermal and nonthermal techniques for the development of hard capsules. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020;140:2283–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08953-8.
Wang T, Potts AR, Hoag SW. Elucidating the variability of magnesium stearate and the correlations with its spectroscopic features. J Pharm Sci. 2019;108(4):1569–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.041.
Delaney SP, Nethercott MJ, Mays CJ, Winquist NT, Arthur D, Calahan JL, et al. Characterization of synthesized and commercial forms of magnesium stearate using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci. 2016;106:1–10.
De Melo CM, Da Silva AL, De Melo KR, Da Silva PCD, de Souza ML, de Sousa ALMD, et al. In silico and in vitro study of epiisopiloturine/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes obtained by different methods. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2021;65:102658.
Rojek B, Wesolowski M. Compatibility studies of hydrocortisone with excipients using thermogravimetric analysis supported by multivariate statistical analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127:543–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5441-7.
Rojek B, Wesolowski M. Fourier transformar espectroscopia de infravermelho apoiada por estatísticas multivariadas no estudo de compatibilidade de atenolol com excipientes. Vib Spectrosc. 2016;86:190–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.07.011].
Alzoubi T, Martin GP, Barlow DJ, Royall PG. Stability of α-lactose monohydrate: The discovery of dehydration triggered solid-state epimerization. Int J Pharm. 2021;2021:120715.
Makai Z, Bajdik J, Erős I, Pintye-Hódi K. Evaluation of the effects of lactose on the surface properties of alginate coated trandolapril particles prepared by a spray-drying method. Carbohydr Polym. 2008;74(3):712–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.029].
Lopes MS, Catelani TA, Nascimento ALCS, Garcia JS, Trevisan MG. Ketoconazole: compatibility with pharmaceutical excipients using DSC and TG techniques. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;141:1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-09137-0.
Smith G, Hussain A, Bukhari NI, Ermolina I. Quantification of residual crystallinity in ball milled commercially sourced lactose monohydrate by thermo-analytical techniques and terahertz spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015;92:180–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.026.
Badal Tejedor M, Pazesh S, Nordgren N, Schuleit M, Rutland MW, Alderborn G, et al. Milling induced amorphisation and recrystallization of α-lactose monohydrate. Int J Pharm. 2018;537:140–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.021.
Marques C, Amanda DM, Quintas C, Vieira DM, Leiz LS, Costa M, et al. A compatibility study of the prototype epiisopiloturine and pharmaceutical excipients aiming at the attainment of solid pharmaceutical forms. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;120:689–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4163-y.
Da Silva EP, Pereira MAV, De Barros Lima IP, Lima NGPB, Barbosa EG, Aragão CFS, et al. Compatibility study between atorvastatin and excipients using DSC and FTIR. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123:933–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-5077-z.
Silva JPA, Figueirêdo CBM, de Medeiros Vieira ACQ, de Lyra MAM, Rolim LA, Rolim-Neto PJ, et al. Thermal characterization and kinetic study of the antiretroviral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;130:1643–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6477-z.
Allan MC, Grush E, Mauer LJ. RH-temperature stability diagram of α- and β-anhydrous and monohydrate lactose crystalline forms. Food Res Int. 2020;127:108717.
Panwar V, Thomas J, Sharma A, Chopra V, Kaushik S, Kumar A, et al. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of modified sodium starch glycolate for exploring its haemostatic potential. Carbohydr Polym. 2020;235:115975.
Sandero DS, Charyuly RN, Nayak P. Comparativo study of superdisintegrants using antiemetic drug as a modelo. Nitte Univ J Health Sci. 2015;5(1):40–4.
Chaves LL, Rolim LA, Gonçalves MLCM, Vieira ACC, Alves LDS, Soares MFR, et al. Study of stability and drug-excipient compatibility of diethylcarbamazine citrate. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;111:2179–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2775-7.
Du X, Yin S, Xu L, Ma J, Yu H, Wang G, et al. Polylysine and cysteine functionalized chitosan nanoparticle as an efficient platform for oral delivery of paclitaxel. Carbohydr Polym. 2020;229:115484.
De Lima MG, Angeli VW, Colombo M, Koester LS. Investigation of the compatibility between kaempferol and excipients by thermal, spectroscopic and chemometric methods. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;142:1249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-09092-w.
Schver GCRM, Sun DD, Costa SPM, Silva KER, Oliveira JF, Rolim LA, et al. Solid dispersions to enhance the delivery of a potential drug candidate LPSF/FZ4 for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;115:270–85.
Figueirêdo CBM, Nadvorny D, de Vieira ACQM, de Schver GCRM, Sobrinho JLS, Neto PJR, et al. Enhanced delivery of fixed-dose combination of synergistic antichagasic agents posaconazolebenznidazole based on amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;119:208–18.
Santos WM, Nóbrega FP, Andrade JC, Almeida LF, Conceição MM, Medeiros ACD, et al. Pharmaceutical compatibility of dexamethasone with excipients commonly used in solid oral dosage forms. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09753-1.
Liu X, Liu X, Hu Y. Investigation of the thermal decomposition of talc. Clays Clay Miner. 2014;62:137–44. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2014.06202065.
Pereira MAV, Fonseca GD, Silva-Júnior AA, de Fernandes-Pedrosa MFM, Barbosa EG, et al. Compatibility study between chitosan and pharmaceutical excipients used in solid dosage forms. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-3769-4.
Gao R, Jin Y, Yang QY, et al. Study of stability and drug-excipient compatibility of estradiol and pharmaceutical excipients. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;120:839–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4234-0.
Silva CR, Fialho SL, Barbosa J, Araújo BC, Carneiro G, Sebastião RC, Freitas-Marques MBD, et al. Compatibility by a nonisothermal kinetic study of azathioprine associated with usual excipients in the product quality review process. J Braz Chem Soc. 2020;32:638–51.
Veras KS, Fachel FNS, Pittol V, Garcia KR, Bassani VL, Santos V, Henriques AT, Teixeira HF, Koester LS. Compatibility study of rosmarinic acid with excipients used in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms using thermal and non-thermal techniques. Saudi Pharm J. 2019;27(8):1138–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.010.
Acknowledgements
To the Department of Science and Technology—Brazilian Ministry of Health (DECIT-MS) for fostering research and to National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (CNPq) for funding research grants.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the design and development of the study. The preparation of the material, execution of the tests and analysis of the data were carried out by [LRdeMF], [LCPBBS], [IdoNGB], [MCCE] and [DFdeM]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [LRdeMF], [NMdaS], [LPA] and [LMCV], and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. The final review was carried out by [LAR] and [PJRN]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
de Moura Ferraz, L.R., Silva, L.C.P.B.B., de Melo, D.F. et al. Lamellar double hydroxides as pharmaceutical excipients: a compatibility study. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 2857–2872 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12882-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12882-6