Abstract
The microencapsulation of flame retardants can avoid the problems of water absorption and loss. In this paper, hydrophobic microcapsule-encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (HMAPP) was prepared by ion exchange and Stöber method and applied to the preparation of hydrophobic flame-retardant kraft paper by impregnation. The microscopic morphology and element analysis of the hydrophobic microcapsules tested by TEM and SEM showed that nano-scale particles with a size of about 100 nm have been successfully prepared, and the core–shell structure has been formed. HMAPP constructed a rough structure with low surface energy on the surface of kraft paper and provided the kraft paper with hydrophobic property. The water contact angle of kraft paper reached 122.7 ° after treated by HMAPP, while it also enhanced the physical strength of the paper. Kraft had the self-extinguishing phenomenon after treated by HMAPP, which attached to the surface of kraft paper were heated and melted to release ammonia to dilute combustible gas and oxygen, and formed a flame-retardant layer containing SiO2 particles, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and carbon flakes on the fiber surface. There were C–C, C–O–C bonds in the carbon layer after flame-retardant treatment, indicating that the pentose contained in fiber has not been completely destroyed. In addition, the presence of Si and P elements in the residual carbon indicates that the decomposed flame retardant adheres to the surface of the fiber to block the heat transfer and flame spread.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge Moe Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, China.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 31670564].
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Yang, G., Zhang, Q., Li, Y. et al. Hydrophobic microcapsule modification of nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant and its application in lignocellulosic materials. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 13217–13229 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11761-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11761-2