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Energy estimation and modeling solid thermal explosion containment on reactor for three organic peroxides by calorimetric technique

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Abstract

In this paper, we describe thermokinetic properties and decomposition characteristics of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and lauroyl peroxide, which are widely used in the polymerization process as energy boosters. In the past, many accidents occurred that involved overpressure and runaway excursion of the process and thermal explosion. One reason for accidents is because of the peroxy group (–O–O–) of organic peroxides (OPs) due to its thermal instability and high sensitivity when exposing to heat. Apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained during decomposition via non-isothermal well-recognized kinetic equation, fitting curve tests, and approximate solution to design safer reaction conditions when OPs are used as fuel. Moreover, the storage conditions were investigated for the simulation of thermal explosion in a 24-kg cubic box package and a 400-kg barrel reactor for commercial application. Experimental results established the novel features of solid explosion hazard of OPs.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pre-exponential factor (s−1)

CT:

Control temperature (°C)

C p :

Specific heat capacity (J g−1 °C−1)

E a :

Apparent activation energy (kJ mol−1)

ET:

Emergency temperature (°C)

i :

Component number

k 0 :

Pre-exponential factor

k 1, k 2 :

Rate constants of a reaction or stage

NC:

Number of components

n :

Unit outer normal on the boundary

n 1, n 2 :

Reaction orders of a specific stage

q :

Heat flow rate (W)

R :

Gas constant (J mol−1 K−1)

r :

Reaction rate constant (mol l−1 s−1)

SADT:

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature (°C)

T :

Temperature of sample (K)

TCL:

Time to conversion limit (day)

T cr :

Critical temperature (°C)

T 0 :

Exothermic onset temperature (°C)

T f :

Final temperature (K)

T p :

Peak temperature (°C)

t :

Time (min)

TMRiso :

Time to maximum rate under isothermal conditions (day)

W :

Heat power (J s−1)

z:

Autocatalytic constant

∆H d :

Heat of decomposition (J g−1)

α :

Degree of conversion of a component

β :

Scanning rate (°C min−1)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the donors of the Anhui University of Science and Technology in China under the contract number QN201613 for financial support and appreciate Dr. Frank Oreovicz for editing the manuscript and providing useful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ammunition Engineering and Explosion Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology (AUST), 168 Taifeng Street, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Yang-Fan Cheng, Shang-Hao Liu & Chi-Min Shu

  2. Research Center for Explosion Safety and Firework Material, AUST, 168 Taifeng Street, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Yang-Fan Cheng, Shang-Hao Liu & Chi-Min Shu

  3. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, 64001, Taiwan, ROC

    Chi-Min Shu

  4. School of Chemical Engineering, AUST, 168 Taifeng Street, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Bin Zhang & Yun-Fei Li

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  1. Yang-Fan Cheng
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Correspondence to Shang-Hao Liu.

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Cheng, YF., Liu, SH., Shu, CM. et al. Energy estimation and modeling solid thermal explosion containment on reactor for three organic peroxides by calorimetric technique. J Therm Anal Calorim 130, 1201–1211 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6717-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6717-2

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