Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis on oxidation process of sulfurized rust in oil tank

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper focuses on the oxidation process of sulfurized rust in crude oil tank. Firstly, one sort of rust was put into the sulfurization and oxidation experimental apparatus. The chemical compositions and phase of sulfurized rust were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer–scanning electron microscope technique. The result shows that the main contents are S, Fe and O and give a short length of side and diamond appearance, and a large pore size in structure. The oxidation of sulfurized rust at ambient temperature was investigated, which transferred from electrochemical reactions to chemical reactions. The result of thermal decomposition experiment indicates that the product of electrochemical reactions is ferrous sulfate. Hereafter, the thermo-gravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric (TG/DSC) technique was used to evaluate the self-heating hazards of pre-oxygenized sulfurized rust. The given TG/DSC curves at different heating rates are similar. Every curve consisted of three weightlessness stages and two weight gain stages. The corresponding apparent activation energy values, most probable kinetic model functions and pre-exponential factor values were calculated by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, the Achar–Brindley–Sharp–Wendworth method and the Kissinger method. The final results described the complexity of oxidation process of pre-oxygenized sulfurized rust.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zheng S, Chen L, Chen C. Failure analysis of an A333Gr6 pipeline after exposure to a hydrogen sulfide environment. Eng Fail Anal. 2013;35:516–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Walker R. Instability of iron sulfides on recently excavated artifacts. Stud Conserv. 2001;46(2):141–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Walker R, Steele AD, Morgan TDB. The formation of pyrophoric iron sulphide from rust. Surf Coat Technol. 1987;31(2):183–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li P, Wang S, Zhang Z. Study on the effect of water on the formation and pyrophoricity of ferrous sulfide. Pet Sci Technol. 2011;29(18):1922–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Li P, Li JD, Zhao SL. Prevention of spontaneous combustion of sulfur-containing oil tanks. Pet Sci Technol. 2006;24(9):1009–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhao S, Wang C, Li P, Ding D, Wan X. The influence of sulfurization of rust in oil tanks. Energy Sour Part A. 2007;29(12):1111–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Walker R, Steele AD, Morgan D. Deactivation of pyrophoric iron sulfides. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1997;36(9):3662–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Walker R, Steele AD, Morgan D. Pyrophoric nature of iron sulfides. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1996;35(5):1747–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Walker R, Steele AD, Morgan TDB. Pyrophoric oxidation of iron sulphide. Surf Coat Technol. 1988;34(2):163–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hughes RI, Morgan TDB, Wilson RW. Is pyrophoric iron sulphide a possible source of ignition? Nature. 1974;248(5450):670.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhao SP, Jiang JC, Zheng J. Thermal analysis on kinetics of thermal decomposition of FeS. J Chongqing Univ. 2011;34(1):140–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Li P, Li JD, Zhao SL. Research on the danger of fires in oil tanks with sulfur. Fire Saf J. 2005;40(4):331–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dou Z, Jiang JC, Wang Z. Kinetic analysis for spontaneous combustion of sulfurized rust in oil tanks. J Loss Prev Process Ind. 2014;32:387–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hu RZ, Gao SL, Zhao FQ, Shi QZ, Zhang TL, Zhang JJ. Kinetics of thermal analysis. 2nd ed. Beijing: Science Publishing House; 2008 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ozawa T. Thermal analysis-review and prospect. Thermochim Acta. 2000;355(1):35–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wagner M. Application handbook thermal analysis: thermal analysis in practice. Schwerzenbach: Mettler Toled; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wierzejewska-Hnat M, Schriver A, Schriver-Mazzuoli L. FT infrared study of sulfur dioxide dimer. I. Nitrogen matrix. Chem Phys. 1994;183:117–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kolta GA, Aska MH. Thermal decomposition of some metal sulphates. Thermochim Acta. 1975;11:65–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Li ZJ. Investigation on the mechanism of spontaneous combustion of sulphide ores and the key technologies for preventing fire. Changsha: Central South University; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Zhu FL, Feng QQ, Xu YF, Liu RT, Li KJ. Kinetics of pyrolysis of ramie fabric wastes from thermogravimetric data. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(1):651–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang CF, Liu XD, Cheng J, Zhang JY. Study on curing kinetics of diglycidyl 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylate epoxy/episulfide resin system with hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride as a curing agent. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;120(3):1893–903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Criado JM, Gonzalez F, Morales J. Application of programmed temperature decomposition to the study of solid decomposition reactions taking place through the prout and tompkins mechanism. Thermochim Acta. 1975;12:337–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yan L, He B, Hao T. Thermogravimetric study on the pressurized hydropyrolysis kinetics of a lignite coal. Int J Hydrog Energy. 2014;39(15):7826–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Xu Y, Zhang YF, Zhang GJ, Guo YF, Zhang J, Li GQ. Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of two Chinese low-rank coals. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;122(2):975–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Farjas J, Roura P. Exact analytical solution for the Kissinger equation: determination of the peak temperature and general properties of thermally activated transformations. Thermochim Acta. 2014;598:51–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bai Y, Yang P, Zhang S, Li YQ, Gu Y. Curing kinetics of phenolphthalein-aniline-based benzoxazine investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;120(3):1755–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shi N, Dou Q. Non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/treated calcium carbonate composites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(1):635–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tripathi M, Kumar D, Rajagopal C, Roy PK. Curing kinetics of self-healing epoxy thermosets. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(1):547–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Yi J, Zhao F, Wang B. Thermal behaviors, nonisothermal decomposition reaction kinetics, thermal safety and burning rates of BTATz-CMDB propellant. J Hazard Mater. 2010;181(1–3):432–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the support given by key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 21436006, National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 51176070, PHC-CaiYuanpei (“Havu-Risk: Chemical industrial plants and domino effect: hazards, vulnerability, risks and sustainability” 32114TE, 2014-2016), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China and the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province Under Grant No. CXLX13_440.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban and Industrial Safety, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China

    Z. Dou, J. C. Jiang, S. P. Zhao, W. X. Zhang, L. Ni, M. G. Zhang & Z. R. Wang

Authors
  1. Z. Dou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. C. Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. P. Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. W. X. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. Ni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. G. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Z. R. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to J. C. Jiang or Z. R. Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dou, Z., Jiang, J.C., Zhao, S.P. et al. Analysis on oxidation process of sulfurized rust in oil tank. J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 125–134 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5884-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5884-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation