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Sol–gel-prepared ternary Ni–Ce–Mg–O oxide systems: the role of CeO2 in balancing between dry reforming of methane and pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

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Abstract

In this study, the modified alkoxide sol–gel approach was used for the synthesis of ternary Ni–Ce–Mg–O oxide systems of variable composition. The prepared samples were characterized by thermal analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-programmed reduction. The presence of CeO2 in the oxide composition was found to affect such properties as texture, morphology, reducibility of Ni2+, and dispersion of Ni0 in the reduced samples. The catalytic properties of the Ni–Ce–Mg–O samples were examined with regard to dry reforming of methane (DRM) and catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons with the formation of carbon nanofibers (CNF). It was found that the CeO2-containing samples demonstrate more stable performance in DRM and are less prone to coke formation. The Ni10Ce10 catalyst containing 10% NiO and 10% CeO2 within the MgO matrix demonstrated the highest CO2 and CH4 conversion values. Contrarily, the highest carbon yield was observed for the Ni15Ce5 sample (15 wt% NiO, 5 wt% CeO2). An increase in the CeO2 content diminished the carbon yield. The structure of the formed CNFs was affected by the type of substrate used (ethylene or a mixture of C2-C4 saturated hydrocarbons). Thus, the sol–gel technique was shown to be efficient for the preparation of ternary Ni–Ce–Mg–O systems with a high content of nickel and ceria species evenly distributed within the MgO matrix. Varying the ceria content, it is possible to balance between the DRM and catalytic pyrolysis modes of the catalyst operation.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Ternary Ni–Ce–Mg–O oxide systems were prepared by the modified alkoxide sol–gel approach.

  • The presence of CeO2 affects texture, morphology, reducibility of Ni2+, and dispersion of Ni0 species.

  • The CeO2-containing samples are more stable in DRM and less prone to coke formation.

  • The highest carbon yield was observed for the sample containing 15 wt% NiO and 5 wt% CeO2.

  • The structure of the formed CNFs was affected by the type of hydrocarbons used.

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Acknowledgements

Characterization of the samples was performed using the equipment of the Center of Collective Use “National Center of Catalysts Research” and Krasnoyarsk regional Center of the Collective Use (KSS SB RAS). The authors are grateful to M.N. Volochaev for his assistance in TEM analysis and A.A. Pochtar for providing the thermal analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the governmental order for Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (project No. FWUR-2024-0034).

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  1. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Russia

    Grigory B. Veselov, Sofya D. Afonnikova, Ilya V. Mishakov & Aleksey A. Vedyagin

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  1. Grigory B. Veselov
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Conceptualization, G.B.V. and A.A.V.; methodology, G.B.V., A.A.V., and I.V.M.; investigation, G.B.V. and S.D.A.; writing—original draft preparation, G.B.V. and S.D.A.; writing—review and editing, A.A.V. and I.V.M.; funding acquisition, I.V.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aleksey A. Vedyagin.

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Veselov, G.B., Afonnikova, S.D., Mishakov, I.V. et al. Sol–gel-prepared ternary Ni–Ce–Mg–O oxide systems: the role of CeO2 in balancing between dry reforming of methane and pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 109, 859–877 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06336-6

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