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Effect of magnesium and iron incorporation on the physicochemical properties of a new sol-gel derived glass-ceramic

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Abstract

In this work we studied the effect of adding MgO and/or Fe2O3 alone or simultaneously on in vitro bioactivity of a new sol-gel derived glass-ceramic in the system 56% SiO2 – (38 – x – y)% CaO – x% MgO – y% Fe2O3 – 6% P2O5 [(x,y) = (0,0); (6,0); (0,2); (6,2)] wt%. The in vitro bioactivity of the materials was assessed in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The materials characterization by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), BET analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, ICP-OES spectroscopy and SEM-EDS, before and after soaking in SBF, showed, an absence of changes in glass transition temperature (Tg) for Mg-doped materials, whereas we recorded an increase in Tg for the material doped with Fe only. A decrease in the ionic exchange kinetic between glass-ceramics and SBF was observed for all doped materials. For the Mg-doped materials, the hydroxyapatite (HA) formation rate was delayed contrary to the Mg-free materials. The detailed interpretation of the mechanism of the effect of Fe and Mg on the bioactivity of the glass-ceramics, with consideration of other explanations given in the literature, gives more understanding of how these chemical elements affect the physicochemical properties of the doped materials. We believe, this will help to define the optimal way to tailor the behavior of such biomaterials for biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract

The magnesium incorporated in glass-ceramic retards the HA formation on its surface only if it is released in the physiological solution (SBF). The incorporation of the magnesium ions from SBF into the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) stabilizes it and inhibits its crystallization into HA. The formation rate of the HA layer is correlated to the concentration of magnesium ions in SBF.

Highlights

  • The glass transition temperature is not correlated to the in vitro bioactivity of the glass-ceramic.

  • The delay effect of magnesium on hydroxyapatite formation depends on whether the magnesium is released in SBF or not.

  • Hydroxyapatite formation rate on the glass-ceramic surface depends on the magnesium concentration in SBF.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Loïc Joanny (CMEBA) for SEM-EDS analysis, Odile Merdrignac-Conanec (ICSR, Laboratory “Glasses and Ceramics”) for BET analysis and Christophe Calers (ICSR, Laboratory “Glasses and Ceramics”) for XRD analysis at the University of Rennes.

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  1. Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France

    K. Aneb, H. Oudadesse, B. Lefeuvre & A. Lucas

  2. Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie

    K. Aneb & H. Khireddine

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Aneb, K., Oudadesse, H., Khireddine, H. et al. Effect of magnesium and iron incorporation on the physicochemical properties of a new sol-gel derived glass-ceramic. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 109, 502–522 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06290-9

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