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Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite synthesized via sol-gel method using glutinous rice as a template

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy, environment and building applications
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Abstract

The present work aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) via green template addition using glutinous rice (GR) in combination with sol-gel route under various calcination temperatures (500–900 °C). The physicochemical properties of GR-HAp were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The utilization of GR as template in HAp synthesis resulted in the formation of GR-HAp particles that are less crystalline. Surface morphology revealed discrete, rod-shaped GR-HAp particles were formed at low calcination temperature (500–600 °C), while larger particles were formed as temperature was increased. Results confirmed that higher calcination temperature led to the transformation of HAp into various phases including β-Ca3(PO4)2, CaO, and β-NaCa(PO4). In addition, the formation of smaller, elongated GR-HAp particles with diameter of 75–180 nm and homogenous particle size distribution was attained at 900 °C. The antibacterial activity was evaluated via disc diffusion method against four Gram-positive bacteria including B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, and two Gram-negative bacteria including E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The GR-HAp powder calcined at 900 °C showed strong antibacterial performance against all bacterial strains with inhibition zones ranging from 11.66–16.66 mm, which indicates its suitability to be utilized as a material in biomedical applications.

Highlights

  • Use of GR as template resulted in formation of less crystalline particles with reduced aggregation.

  • Higher calcination temperature led to formation of β-Ca3 (PO4)2 and β-NaCa(PO4) phases.

  • GR-HAp calcined at 900 °C showed strongest antibacterial performance against all bacterial strains.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Chemistry (Faculty of Science) and Research and Development Institute of the Udon Thani Rajabhat University (Thailand) and National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea through Ministry of Education (no. 2016R1A6A1A03012812) for the financial support of this research undertaking.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand

    P. Phatai

  2. National Research Center for Disaster-Free and Safe Ocean City, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea

    C. M. Futalan

  3. Department of Natural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University, Sakaeo, 27160, Thailand

    S. Kamonwannasit

  4. National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    P. Khemthong

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Phatai, P., Futalan, C.M., Kamonwannasit, S. et al. Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite synthesized via sol-gel method using glutinous rice as a template. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 89, 764–775 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4910-9

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