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Synthesis of copper-silver doped hydroxyapatite via ultrasonic coupled sol-gel techniques: structural and antibacterial studies

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for biological and health (medical) applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

Fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HA) via doping with metal ions to enhance its antibacterial properties has attracted much interest. The present study aims to synthesize copper-silver doped hydroxyapatite particles (Cu-Ag doped HA) with an improved antibacterial activity through a sol-gel technique coupled with ultrasonic irradiation. The doping materials consist of Cu2+ and Ag+ ions with precursor molar ratios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0. The physicochemical properties of Ca9.0Cu1.0-xAgx(PO4)6(OH)2 samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-EDS). Characterization studies revealed that Cu2+ and Ag+ ions were incorporated into a hexagonal framework of HA. The main functional groups were identified as hydroxyl (OH−) and phosphate (PO43−) moieties. Their morphologies were rod-shaped with various diameters and particle size distributions, depending on the molar ratio of Cu2+ to Ag+. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using an agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus epidermis, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was found that Cu-Ag doped HA is an effective antibacterial agent. Ca9.0Cu0.5Ag0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 showed the best antibacterial performance against all bacterial strains with inhibition zones ranging from 13 to 17 mm, indicating its suitability as an antibacterial material in biomedical applications.

Highlights

  1. 1.

    Ultrasonic treatment combined with a sol-gel technique synthesized well dispersed, rod-shaped Cu-Ag doped HA.

  2. 2.

    Ca9.0Cu0.5Ag0.5(PO4)6(OH)2 has excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

  3. 3.

    Cu-Ag doped HA nanoparticle is an effective antibacterial material in biomedical applications.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the Department of Chemistry (Faculty of Science) and the Research and Development Institute of the Udon Thani Rajabhat University (Thailand) for their financial support of this research undertaking. Many thanks to Professor Dr. Jeffrey C. Nash from the Office of Graduate Studies of the Udon Thani Rajabhat University (Thailand) for his assistance in proofreading this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University, Sakaeo, 27160, Thailand

    S. Kamonwannasit

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, 1108, Quezon City, Philippines

    C. M. Futalan

  3. National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand

    P. Khemthong & T. Butburee

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    A. Karaphun

  5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand

    P. Phatai

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Kamonwannasit, S., Futalan, C.M., Khemthong, P. et al. Synthesis of copper-silver doped hydroxyapatite via ultrasonic coupled sol-gel techniques: structural and antibacterial studies. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 96, 452–463 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05407-8

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