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Synthesis and characterization of poly(urethane-imide) derived from structural effect of diisocyanates

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Abstract

Although polyurethane (PU) has excellent extensibility and flexibility, it is thermally unstable, which limits how it can be utilized. By contrast, polyimide (PI) is a high-performance and thermally stable polymer that nonetheless has many limitations. In this study, the advantages of PU and PI are combined by copolymerizing them to obtain a composite material with high elasticity, high heat resistance, and favorable thermal stability. Poly(urethane-imide) (PUI) films were fabricated through bulk polymerization of polycaprolactone diol with various diisocyanates and then chain extension with various amounts of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). PMDA content of 15.4 wt% was discovered to achieve the optimal balance between elasticity and rigidity; for this content, the material switched from being elastic-like to plastic-like. The optimal glass transition temperatures of the soft and hard segments [Tg(S) and Tg(H), respectively] could be achieved by adjusting the degree of phase separation (influenced by crystallization), structural arrangement (such as linear or crankshaft structure), and choice of an aromatic or aliphatic system. When the soft segment of the material was more crystalline, Tg(S) was lower and more microphase separation occurred. By contrast, Tg(H) was affected by the structure of the hard segment; a crankshaft structure resulted in lower Tg(H) due to destruction of imide group stacking. The hard segment structure also affected the material’s viscoelastic response, with this response being better for linear and aromatic systems. The PUI fabricated in this study is a highly flexible and thermally stable material and thus has potential for use in high-temperature processes.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the KUROKI Co., Ltd. grant. This work was also supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 111–2634-F-027–001-).

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  1. Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan

    Chih-Lung Lin, Wei-Lun Lin & Syang-Peng Rwei

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The authors confirm their contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design: S.P. Rwei, C.L. Lin; data collection: C.L. Lin, W.L. Lin; analysis and interpretation of results: C.L. Lin, W.L. Lin; draft manuscript preparation: C.L. Lin. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Syang-Peng Rwei.

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Lin, CL., Lin, WL. & Rwei, SP. Synthesis and characterization of poly(urethane-imide) derived from structural effect of diisocyanates. J Polym Res 30, 54 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03408-5

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