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Component ratio effects of melamine cyanurate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retardant TPU

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Abstract

Melamine cyanurate (MCA) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) were added to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) in different ratios and additions to prepare flame retardant TPU materials, and their mechanical and combustion properties were systematically investigated. Firstly, the effects of MCA/ADP on the flame retardancy of TPU were investigated by using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94) tests and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The experimental results showed that when the total addition of flame retardant was at 15% and the mass ratio of MCA/ADP was 1/1, the LOI value of TPU can reach 27.4% and pass the UL 94 V-0 rating, and the peak heat release rate was 22% lower than that of pure TPU. Secondly, it was found that the mechanical properties of TPU were minimally affected by the addition of MCA/ADP, and the tensile strength could basically be maintained at about 40 MPa and elongation at break at about 530% at the addition amount of 15%. The microscopic morphology of the residual char of TPU materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the gas-phase pyrolysis products were studied by thermogravimetric Fourier infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR). It was found that the addition of ADP promoted the decomposition of TPU in advance to produce a dense char layer and thus protected the matrix material, while MCA mainly decomposed to produce inert gases such as NH3 to dilute combustible gases. Therefore, the constructed MCA/ADP synergistic flame retardant system exerts excellent flame retardant effect on TPU.

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The data that support the findings of this study is available from the corresponding authors on request.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundations (No 22175006 and 51973006), 2022 Graduate innovation capability improvement program, and the research platform project of Beijing Technology and Business University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China

    Fenghao Hao, Yajun Chen, Zhe Sun & Lijun Qian

  2. China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China

    Fenghao Hao, Yajun Chen, Zhe Sun & Lijun Qian

  3. Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China

    Fenghao Hao, Yajun Chen, Zhe Sun & Lijun Qian

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  1. Fenghao Hao
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Hao, F., Chen, Y., Sun, Z. et al. Component ratio effects of melamine cyanurate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retardant TPU. J Polym Res 30, 25 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03401-y

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