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Nanostructures embedded on porous materials for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols: a concise review

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Abstract

The reduction of nitrophenols is a broadly accepted model for catalytic processes. Incorporating nanostructures into porous materials is becoming more widely acknowledged for its great importance. This strategy has attracted much interest because of its exceptional features imparted on the catalysts, offering enormous promise in accelerating the reduction of nitrophenols. In recent years, various nanostructures have been embedded to a wide range of porous materials, such as carbon, silica, metal-organic frameworks, and other inorganic materials. These porous frameworks possess unique physical and chemical characteristics, making them well-suited for catalytic applications. This thorough review begins by explaining the mechanism of nitrophenol reduction, exploring several nanostructures based on noble metals that are commonly used for catalytic reduction. Following that, a systematic description and comparison of nitrophenols catalytic reduction using various nanostructures on porous templates such as carbon-based, silica-based, zeolite-based, polymer-based, and metal-organic frameworks (MOF) were explained. In addition, this paper also examines several functional materials to enhance the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols. Herein, this write-up intends to narrow the knowledge gap on the recently synthesized catalysts and the practical requirements for removing nitrophenol. This write-up is hoped to offer valuable insights that can aid in the practical utilization of these catalysts for wastewater remediation applications.

Highlights

Different synthetic strategies to embed nanostructures physically and chemically on porous materials were discussed.

Catalytic performance of various nanostructures embedded in porous materials towards nitrophenols has been discussed.

Exposing the challenges and perspectives of nanostructures embedded in porous materials for catalytic reduction of nitrophenols.

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Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

CNF:

Cellulose nanofibrils

COF:

Carbon organic framework

CS:

Chitosan

GO:

Graphene oxide

Gr:

Graphene

LBL:

Layer by Layer

MB:

Methylene blue

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

MOF:

Metal-organic framework

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PAA:

Poly(acrylic acid)

PANI:

Polyaniline

PC:

Porous carbon

PEI:

Polyethyleneimine

PGP:

Peach gum polysaccharide

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TOF:

Turnover frequency

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

4-NP:

4-nitrophenol

4-AP:

4-aminophenol

3-NP:

3-nitrophenol

2-NP:

2-nitrophenol

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Universiti Putra Malaysia Grant GP-IPM/9750400. The authors confirm that there are no additional funders. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Alvin Lim Teik Zheng, Ellie Yi Lih Teo, Sivasangar Seenivasagam & Yiu Pang Hung

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Supakorn Boonyuen

  3. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia

    Eric Lim Teik Chung

  4. Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia

    Eric Lim Teik Chung

  5. Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808–0196, Fukuoka, Japan

    Jacqueline Lease & Yoshito Andou

  6. Collaborative Research Centre for Green Materials on Environmental Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808– 0196, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yoshito Andou

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  1. Alvin Lim Teik Zheng
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  8. Yoshito Andou
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Contributions

A.L.T.Z.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft. E.Y.L.T: Writing – original draft. S.S: Writing – original draft. P.H.Y: Validation, Supervision. S.B: Reviewing and Editing. E.L.T.C: Reviewing and Editing. J.L: Writing – original draft. Y.A: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alvin Lim Teik Zheng.

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Zheng, A.L.T., Teo, E.Y.L., Seenivasagam, S. et al. Nanostructures embedded on porous materials for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols: a concise review. J Porous Mater (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-024-01618-4

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