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A New Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Salt: bis(3-Aminopyridinium)Tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Application in the Synthesis of Nanostructured Co3O4 for Hexavalent Chromium Removal

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Abstract

Single crystals of bis(3-aminopyridinium)tetrachlorocobaltate(II) were successfully synthesized and structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. This study shows that the structure is built on inorganic anionic and organic cationic subnetworks stabilized by Cl…Cl and antiparallel offset face to face π-π stacking interactions, respectively. The cohesion of the overall packing is ensured by N–H…Cl hydrogen bonds leading to a three dimensional network. Structural geometry optimization and gap energy determination were performed thanks to DFT calculation. Thermal decomposition of the title compound powder, at 450 °C in air atmosphere, leads to nanostructured Co3O4 as confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. The obtained cobalt oxide was used as adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time was investigated and showed an unusual behavior consisting of the existence of two equilibrium plateaus at 11 mg.g−1 and 15 mg.g−1 which were attributed to surface heterogeneity, as elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. As a consequence, the kinetic data were analyzed in steps and fitted using non linear pseudo-first order and non linear pseudo-second order models. A comparative study with other adsorbents demonstrated the potential of the synthesized Co3O4 via thermal decomposition of the title compound for hexavalent chromium ions removal.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrochemistry, Materials and Environment Research Unit UREME (UR17ES45), Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Erriadh City, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia

    Ichraf Chérif, Fatma Mbarek & Salah Ammar

  2. Higher Institute of Education and Continuous Training of Tunis, Virtual University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia

    Ichraf Chérif

  3. Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Sabri Hassen & Youssef Arfaoui

  4. Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia

    Ibtissem Jendoubi

  5. Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Atomic Molecular Spectroscopy and Applications, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Ibtissem Jendoubi

  6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 15850, USA

    Davoud Dastan

  7. Physico-Chemistry Laboratory for Mineral Materials and Their Applications, National Center for Research in Materials Sciences (CNRSM), Borj Cedria Technopole, 8027, Soliman, Tunisia

    Mounir Ferhi

  8. University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Materials, Crystal Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, 2092, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia

    Mohamed Faouzi Zid

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  1. Ichraf Chérif
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Contributions

IC: Conceptualization – single crystal structure determination – formal analysis—writing original draft—editing. SH, IJ and YA: Theoretical calculation – writing review. FM: Adsorption experiments—formal analysis. DD: Writing review—editing. MF: Morphological investigation – writing review—editing. MFZ: Single crystal X-ray diffraction data collection – discussion. SA: Discussion – writing review.

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Correspondence to Ichraf Chérif or Davoud Dastan.

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Chérif, I., Hassen, S., Jendoubi, I. et al. A New Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Salt: bis(3-Aminopyridinium)Tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Application in the Synthesis of Nanostructured Co3O4 for Hexavalent Chromium Removal. J Clust Sci 34, 3047–3059 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-023-02446-3

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