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Dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties, and conduction behavior of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94+xBa0.06TiO3 ceramics

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Abstract

The electrical properties and conduction behavior of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94+xBa0.06TiO3 (x = 0, 0.01; denoted as BNBT, BNBT + 0.01BN) ceramics were studied. Both samples demonstrated a single-phase perovskite structure. Compared to the BNBT sample, the BNBT + 0.01BN sample showed a reduction in grain size and decreased values for Curie temperature (Tm) and depolarization temperature (Td). Normalized spectroscopic plots of M"/M"max and Z"/Z"max revealed a single relaxation peak. The complex impedance plots were modeled using an equivalent circuit, and the grain resistance (Rg) decreases with increasing temperature. At 500 °C, the Rg values for BNBT and BNBT + 0.01BN samples were 339.97 and 886.98 kΩ × cm, respectively. Jonscher’s law was applied to fit the AC conductivity, and the obtained n values indicated different conduction mechanisms for the two samples. Additionally, the conduction activation energy (Econ) for DC conductivity followed the Arrhenius relation. Introducing a small (Bi,Na) excess suppresses oxygen and cation vacancies, significantly increasing resistivity. Consequently, the BNBT + 0.01BN sample exhibited excellent remanent polarization (Pr) of 34.2 μC/cm2 and piezoelectric constant (d33) of 135 pC/N.

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Funding

This work has been supported by the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 23JK0530) and Xi’an Traffic Engineering Institute Key Research Project (Grant No. 2024KY-05).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Courses Teaching and Reaching, Xi’an Traffic Engineering Institute, Xi’an, 710300, China

    Yanzi Qiu

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Zide Yu

  3. Aviation Industry Qing’an Group Corporation of China, Xi’an, 710000, Shaanxi, China

    XianKun Wang

  4. School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, 710121, Shaanxi, China

    Xiaoshuang Qiao

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  1. Yanzi Qiu
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  2. Zide Yu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Yanzi Qiu: Characterization, Data curation, Writing original draft, Funding acquisition, Editing, Supervision. Zide Yu: Writing review & editing, Investigation, Formal analysis, Supervision. Xiangkun Wang: Characterization, Data curation. Xiaoshuang Qiao: Writing review & editing, Formal analysis, Supervision. All authors commented on previous versions of manuscripts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zide Yu or Xiaoshuang Qiao.

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Qiu, Y., Yu, Z., Wang, X. et al. Dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric properties, and conduction behavior of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94+xBa0.06TiO3 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 621 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12387-w

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