Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of samarium doping on structural, thermoelectrical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study explores the impact of samarium (Sm3+) doping on the structural and thermoelectric properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). Samarium-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized through the citrate-gel auto-combustion method, followed by annealing at 500 °C for four hours. The investigation encompasses various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermoelectric power (TEP), and dielectric measurements. XRD analysis unveiled a distinctive single-phase cubic spinel structure in the ferrites. Notably, the lattice constant (a) and X-ray density (dx) demonstrated a discernible increase as the Sm3+ content rose, signifying significant structural modifications. SEM and TEM observations elucidated the morphology, revealing nanoparticles with a well-distributed yet occasionally agglomerated nature. TEP studies disclosed intriguing characteristics. The synthesized samples exhibited a discernible n-type semiconducting behavior, with the presence of transition temperatures that have been hitherto unreported. These transition temperatures have the potential to hold significance in thermoelectric applications. Furthermore, dielectric studies divulged intricate frequency-dependent behavior, offering insights into the dielectric parameters, such as εʹ, εʺ, Tanδ, and AC conductivity. This research contributes novel insights into the interplay between Sm3+ doping and the structural and thermoelectric properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. The identification of hitherto unreported transition temperatures in the TEP measurements and the detailed analysis of dielectric behavior enhance our understanding of these promising materials, paving the way for innovative applications in thermoelectric devices and emerging technologies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Research data for this study are available upon request from the first and corresponding author. The authors are committed to promoting transparency and scientific collaboration. Researchers interested in accessing the data are encouraged to contact the corresponding author to facilitate the sharing of research data in accordance with applicable privacy and confidentiality regulations. The authors aim to make the data underlying this research available for verification and further analysis, while respecting ethical and privacy considerations.

References

  1. K.K. Mohaideen, P.A. Joy, Enhancement in the magnetostriction of sintered cobalt ferrite by making self-composites from nanocrystalline and bulk powders. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/am302053q

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Andreu, E. Natividad, C. Ravagli, M. Castro, G. Baldi, Heating ability of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles showing dynamic and interaction effects. RSC Adv. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA02586E

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. V. Kurlyandskaya, S.M. Bhagat, S.E. Jacobo, J.C. Aphesteguy, N.N. Schegoleva, Microwave resonant and zero-field absorption studies of pure and doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. Solids (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2011.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Sajjiaa, M. Oubahab, M. Hasanuzzamana, A.G. Olabic, Developments of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles prepared by the sol–gel process. Ceram. Int. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.06.116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Dascalu, T. Popescu, M. Federand, O.F. Caltun, Structural, electric and magnetic properties of CoFe1.8RE0.2O4 (RE = Dy, Gd, La) bulk materials. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 333(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.12.048

  6. C. Murugesan, G. Chandrasekaran, Impact of Gd3 + substitution on the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. RSC Adv. 5, 73714–73725 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A.A. Kadam, S.S. Shinde, P.S. Yadav, P.S. Patil, K.Y. Rajpure, Structural, morphological, electrical and magnetic properties of Dy doped Ni–Co substitutional spinel ferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.10.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M.M. Ismail, N.A. Jaber, Structural analysis and magnetic properties of lithium-doped Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 31(6), 1917 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.M.A. Sulaiman, M.M. Ismail, S.N. Rafeeq, A. Mandal, Enhancement of electromagnetic interference shielding based on Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PANI-PTSA nanocomposites. Appl. Phys. A 126(3), 236 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S.R. Naik, A.V. Salker, S.M. Yusuf, S.S. Meena, Influence of Co2+ distribution and spin-orbit coupling on the resultant magnetic properties of spinel cobalt ferrite nanocrystals. J. Alloy Comp. 566, 54 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. X. Liu, B. Cheng, J. Hu, H. Qin, M. Jiang, Semiconducting gas sensor for ethanol based on LaMgxFe1 – xO3 nanocrystals. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 129(1), 53 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Vasundhara, S.N. Achary, S.K. Deshpande, P.D. Babu, S.S. Meena, A.K. Tyagi, Size-dependent magnetic and dielectric properties of nano CoFe2O4 prepared by a salt-assisted gel-combustion method. J. Appl. Phys. 113(19), 194101 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S.P. Yadav, S.S. Shinde, P. Bhatt, S.S. Meena, K.Y. Rajpure, Distribution of cations in Co1 – xMnxFe2O4 using XRD, magnetization and Mössbauer spectroscopy. J. Alloys Compd. 646, 550 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Rezlescu, N. Rezlescu, P.D. Popa, L. Rezlescu, C. Pasnicu, The influence of R2O3 (R = yb, er, Dy, Tb, Gd, Sm and Ce) on the electric and mechanical properties of a nickel–zinc Ferrite. Phys. Status Solidi (a) 162(2), 673 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Hashim, M. Raghasudha, S.S. Meena, J. Shah, S.E. Shirsath, S. Kumar, D. Ravinder, P. Bhatt, K.R. Alimuddin, R.K. Kotnala, Influence of rare earth ion doping (ce and Dy) on electrical and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 449, 319 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. P.P. Naik, R.B. Tangsali, S.S. Meena, S.M. Yusuf, Influence of rare earth (Nd + 3) doping on structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline manganese–zinc ferrite. Mater. Chem. Phys. 191, 215 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H.N. Chaudhari, P.N. Dhruv, C. Singh, S.S. Meena, S. Kavita, R.B. Jotania, Effect of heating temperature on structural magnetic and dielectric properties of magnesium ferrites prepared in the presence of Solanum lycopersicum fruit extract. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 21, 18445 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Noroozi et al., Unprecedented thermoelectric power factor in SiGe nanowires field-effect transistors. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0021710jss

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Hashim, S.S.E. Alimuddin, S.S. Meena, R.K. Kotnala, A. Parveen, A.S. Roy, S. Kumar, P. Bhatt, R. Kumar, Investigation of structural, dielectric, magnetic and antibacterial activity of Cu–Cd–Ni–FeO4 nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 341, 148 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. U.B. Gawas, V.M.S. Verenkar, S.R. Barman, S.S. Meena, P. Bhatt, Synthesis of nanosize and sintered MnNiZnFe2O4 ferrite and their structural and dielectric studies. J. Alloys Compd. 555, 225 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. P.P.G. Dessai, S.S. Meena, V.M.S. Verenkar, Influence of addition of Al3 + on the structural and solid-state properties of nanosized Ni–Zn ferrites synthesized using malic acid as a novel fuel. J. Alloys Compd. 842, 155855 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Srivastava, S.K. Alla, S.S. Meena, N. Gupta, R.K. Mandal, N.K. Prasad, Magnetic field regulated, controlled hyperthermia with LixFe3-xO4 (0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) nanoparticles. Ceram. Int. 45(9), 12028 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Neelima, P. Usha, T. Ramesh et al., Effect of Dy3 + substitution on structural and magnetodielectric properties of Mn–Zn ferrites synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 34, 758 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10189-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Neelima, T. Ramesh, P. Raju et al., Structural and microwave behavior of Dy3+-substituted Ni0.5Zn0.5DyxFe2-xO4 ferrites. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 32, 1729–1740 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04941-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. Ramesh et al., Impact of process parameters and dopant concentration on structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Dysprosium-doped nickel-zinc ferrites synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad041e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Sowjanya, G. Thirupathi et al., Comparison of structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties between Ni0.5Co0.5Gd0.005Tb0.005Fe1.99O4 and Ni0.5Co0.5Gd0.0033Tb0.0033Dy0.0033Fe1.99O4. J. Alloys Compd. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Vegard, The constitution of mixed crystals and the space occupied by atoms. Zeitschrift für Physik 5, 17–23 (1921)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. K.B. Modi, J.D. Gajera, M.P. Pandya, H.G. Vora, H.H. Joshi, Pramana J. Phys. 62(5), 1173–1180 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. D. Samsonov, S. Zhdanov, G. Morfill, V. Steinberg, Levitation and agglomeration of magnetic grains in complex (dusty) plasma with a magnetic field. New J. Phys. 5, 24 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y.P. Irkin, E.A. Turor, Sovt Phys. JEPT 33, 673 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  31. F. Walz, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 14, R285–R340 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. E.J.W. Verwey, De F. Boer, H.H. Vsanten, J. Chem. Phys. 161, 1091–1092 (1948)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J.C. Maxwell, (1954). Treatise Elec. Magn. Vol. 2

  34. C.G. Koop’s, Phys. Rev. 83, 121 (1951)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. K.W. Wagner, Ann. Phys. 40, 817 (1913)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. G.M. Kale, T. Asokan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 6, 19 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  37. P.N. Rao, R. Kumar, E., B. Appa Rao, Structural and transport studies of CdI2-doped silver borotellurite fast ion-conducting system. J. Solid State Electrochem. 22, 3863–3871 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4094-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. N. Rezlescu, E. Rezlescu, C. Pasnicu, Phys. Status Solidi A 23, 575 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Nageswar Rao, E. Ramesh Kumar, B. Appa Rao, Effect of quenching rate on electrical conductivity and glass formation of AgI–Ag2SO4–TeO2–B2O3 system. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 29, 11247–11257 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9211-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. P.N. Rao, R. Kumar, E., B. Appa Rao, Structural, electrical, and transport number studies of AgI-doped silver borotellurite fast ion conducting glass system. Ionics. 24, 3885–3895 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2550-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors have no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest to declare.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Freshmen Engineering(Physics), St. Martin’s Engineerirng College, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500100, India

    Nehru Boda

  2. Department of Physics, CMR Engineering College, Secunderabad, Telangana, 501401, India

    Nageswar Rao Puli

  3. Sastra University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India

    M. Siddeshwar

  4. GDC Chevella, Chevella, Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India

    Kanchana Latha Chittury

Authors
  1. Nehru Boda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nageswar Rao Puli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Siddeshwar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kanchana Latha Chittury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

NB: material preparation, data collection, conceptualization, investigation, validation, writing—original draft. PNR: material preparation, data collection, conceptualization, investigation, validation, investigation, writing—review and editing. MS: investigation, methodology. KLC: investigation, methodology, writing—original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nageswar Rao Puli.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests associated with the research presented in this paper. This research was conducted without any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could have influenced the research process, data interpretation, or the reporting of the research findings. The authors have no financial disclosures or conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical approval

This research study adhered to rigorous ethical standards and guidelines throughout its execution. The following ethical considerations were addressed: All research activities were conducted in accordance with the highest ethical standards. The research project was planned, executed, and reported with integrity and in a transparent manner. The study adhered to the fundamental principles of honesty, accuracy, and objectivity in all stages of data collection, analysis, and reporting. Human or animal subjects were not involved in this research, as it focused on the synthesis and characterization of materials. Therefore, informed consent and ethical approval related to human or animal research were not applicable. The authors of this research paper ensured that all content, data, and information derived from other sources were properly cited and acknowledged. They rigorously followed academic standards and guidelines to prevent any form of plagiarism. The authors followed the publication guidelines and ethical standards set by the targeted publication outlets. They ensured that the manuscript did not duplicate prior publications and was not simultaneously submitted to other journals or platforms. The authors are committed to sharing their research data, where possible and appropriate, for the purpose of transparency and scientific collaboration. Any data shared adhered to privacy and confidentiality standards. The authors of this research paper are dedicated to upholding the highest ethical standards in their research practices and reporting. They have complied with the ethical considerations detailed above, ensuring the integrity and credibility of the research findings presented in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Boda, N., Puli, N.R., Siddeshwar, M. et al. Influence of samarium doping on structural, thermoelectrical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 61 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11790-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11790-z

Search

Navigation