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Improved energy storage and electrocaloric properties of lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramic

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Abstract

Lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) ceramic powders were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The ceramics thickness was reduced to achieve high-energy storage and large electrocaloric effect in bulk ceramics. Dielectric, ferroelectric, energy storage, and electrocaloric properties were investigated for BCZT ceramic with 400 µm. Here, pure crystalline structure and homogenous microstructure were identified by XRD analysis and SEM measurements, respectively. The dielectric measurements revealed a maximum dielectric constant associated with ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. The maximum of \(\varepsilon^{\prime}_{{\text{r}}}\) was 17841, around 352 K. Furthermore, the BCZT ceramic exhibited improved energy storage and electrocaloric properties. A high recoverable energy density Wrec of 0.24 J/cm3 and a total energy density Wtotal of 0.27 J/cm3 with an efficiency coefficient of ~ 88% at 423 K under an electric field of 55 kV/cm were obtained. Besides, The maximum value of ΔT = 2.32 K, the electrocaloric responsivity ζ = 0.42 K mm/kV, the refrigeration capacity RC = 4.59 J/kg and the coefficient of performance COP = 12.38 were achieved around 384 K under 55 kV/cm. The total energy density Wtotal and the temperature change ΔT were also calculated by exploiting the Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire (LGD) theory. The theoretical results matched the experimental findings. These results suggest that the synthesized BCZT ceramic with reduced thickness could be a promising candidate for energy storage and electrocaloric applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous financial support of CNRST Priority Program PPR 15/2015, the Slovenian Research Agency programs P1-0125, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation Project #13.2251.21.0042.

Funding

CNRST Priority Program PPR 15/2015; The European Union's Horizon 2020 research; The Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation Project #13.2251.21.0042.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMED-Lab, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco

    Afaak Lakouader, Hanane Mezzourh, Daoud Mezzane, M’barek Amjoud, Lahoucine Hajji & El Hassan Choukri

  2. LPMC, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France

    Afaak Lakouader, Hanane Mezzourh, Daoud Mezzane, Igor A. Luk’yanchuk & Mimoun El Marssi

  3. Department of Building Materials, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kiev, 03680, Ukraine

    Igor A. Luk’yanchuk

  4. Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Zdravko Kutnjak

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All authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. Furthermore, each author certifies that this work has not been and will not be submitted to other journal or published in any other publication before. AL: investigation, methodology, data curation, writing original draft, validation. HM: investigation, methodology, validation. DM: visualization, methodology, writing—review & editing, validation, supervision. MA: formal analysis, validation. LH: visualization, review, editing, validation, supervision. EHC: visualization, review, editing, validation, supervision. IAL: formal analysis, validation. ZK: review & editing, visualization, validation. MEM: visualization, writing—review & editing, validation, supervision. On behalf of all co-authors.

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In this study, we report the successful preparation of lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramic with reduced thickness to reach a high electric field. The study of their structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties were also reported. The energy storage and electrocaloric properties were investigated using the indirect experimental approach based on the Maxwell relation and the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory. We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor it is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

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Lakouader, A., Mezzourh, H., Mezzane, D. et al. Improved energy storage and electrocaloric properties of lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramic. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 14381–14396 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08362-y

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