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Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured indium tin oxide film and its application as humidity and gas sensors

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Abstract

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) and its application as humidity and gas sensors. The structure and crystallite size of the synthesized powder were determined by X-ray diffraction. The minimum crystallite size was found 5 nm by Debye–Scherrer equation and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy image. Optical characterizations of ITO were studied using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Thermal analysis was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry. Further, the ITO thin film was fabricated using sol–gel spin coating method. The surface morphology of the fabricated film was investigated using scanning electron microscopy images. For the study of humidity sensing, the thin film of ITO was exposed with humidity in a controlled humidity chamber. The variations in resistance of the film with relative humidity were observed. The average sensitivity of the humidity sensor was found 0.70 MΩ/%RH. In addition, we have also investigated the carbon dioxide (CO2) and liquefied petroleum gas sensing behaviour of the fabricated film. Maximum sensitivity of the film was ~17 towards CO2. Its response and recovery times were ~5 and 7 min respectively. Sensor based on CO2 is 97 % reproducible after 3 months of its fabrication. Better sensitivity, small response time and good reproducibility recognized that the fabricated sensor is challenging for the detection of carbon dioxide.

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Acknowledgments

The corresponding author is grateful to Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for SERC-FAST TRACK, Project SR/FTP/PS-21/2009.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, School for Physical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P., 226025, India

    B. C. Yadav & Kaushlendra Agrahari

  2. Department of Physics, Kashi Naresh Govt. P.G. College, Gyanpur, Bhadohi, U.P., 211304, India

    Satyendra Singh

  3. Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India

    T. P. Yadav

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  1. B. C. Yadav
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  2. Kaushlendra Agrahari
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  3. Satyendra Singh
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Correspondence to B. C. Yadav.

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Yadav, B.C., Agrahari, K., Singh, S. et al. Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured indium tin oxide film and its application as humidity and gas sensors. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 4172–4179 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4279-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4279-x

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