Abstract
The effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent rolling path on the evolutions of rolling texture and flow stress anisotropy in the finally cold-rolled copper sheet was investigated. Copper billets processed by 1, 2, 4, and 8 passes of ECAP were subjected to cold rolling via three different paths: unidirectional rolling along extrusion or transverse direction of ECAP, or cross rolling. The microstructure, texture, and flow stress were characterized by EBSD, TEM, XRD, and tensile testing, respectively. The rolling texture was found transformed from copper-type to brass-type as the initial prerolling microstructure was refined from coarse grained to ultrafine grained (UFG) by multipass ECAP; Cross rolling, which is conventionally considered effective in reducing texture strength and thus mechanical anisotropy in coarse-grained materials, has proven to be ineffective in UFG copper. The flow stress anisotropy in the rolled copper sheet was found mainly controlled by the microstructural-dependent anisotropy of critical resolved shear stress rather than texture strength, and this leads to decrease of flow stress anisotropy in the cold-rolled copper sheet upon the increase in the number of preprocessing ECAP passes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Valiev RZ, Langdon TG (2006) Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Prog Mater Sci 51:881–981
Zhang Y, Liu JQ, Wang JT, Wu ZB, Liu F (2011) Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fcc pure metals with different stacking fault energies by equal channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Forum 682:193–203
Iwahashi Y, Furukawa M, Horita Z, Nemoto M, Langdon T (1998) Microstructural characteristics of ultrafine-grained aluminum produced using equal-channel angular pressing. Metall Mater Trans A 29:2245–2252
Li S, Beyerlein IJ, Alexander DJ, Vogel SC (2005) Texture evolution during multi-pass equal channel angular extrusion of copper: neutron diffraction characterization and polycrystal modeling. Acta Mater 53:2111–2125
Haouaoui M, Karaman I, Maier HJ (2006) Flow stress anisotropy and Bauschinger effect in ultrafine grained copper. Acta Mater 54:5477–5488
Jiang Y, Wang J, Zening M, Li Z (2013) Influence of cold rolling routes on mechanical properties of copper subjected to ECAP. In: Marquis F (ed) PRICM: 8 Pacific Rim International Congress on advanced materials and processing. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 3307–3314
Zhao YH, Bingert JF, Liao XZ, Cui BZ, Han K, Sergueeva AV (2006) Simultaneously increasing the ductility and strength of ultra-fine-grained pure copper. Adv Mater 18:2949–2953
Iwahashi Y, Horita Z, Nemoto M, Langdon TG (1998) The process of grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing. Acta Mater 46:3317–3331
Ferrasse S, Segal VM, Alford F, Kardokus J, Strothers S (2008) Scale up and application of equal-channel angular extrusion for the electronics and aerospace industries. Mat Sci Eng A 493:130–140
Horita Z, Fujinami T, Langdon TG (2001) The potential for scaling ECAP: effect of sample size on grain refinement and mechanical properties. Mat Sci Eng A 318:34–41
Engler O, Mertens N, van Dam P (2011) Texture-based design of a convoluted cut-edge for earing-free beverage cans. J Mater Proc Technol 211:1278–1284
Wronski S, Wrobel M, Baczmanski A, Wierzbanowski K (2013) Effects of cross-rolling on residual stress, texture and plastic anisotropy in f.c.c. and b.c.c. metals. Mater Charact 77:116–126
Engler O (2012) Control of texture and earing in aluminium alloy AA 3105 sheet for packaging applications. Mater Sci Eng A 538:69–80
Molodova X, Gottstein G, Winning M, Hellmig RJ (2007) Thermal stability of ECAP processed pure copper. Mat Sci Eng A 460–461:204–213
Wang YL, Lapovok R, Wang JT, Qi YS, Estrin Y (2015) Thermal behavior of copper processed by ECAP with and without back pressure. Mater Sci Eng A 628:21–29
Humphreys FJ, Hatherly M (2004) Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena. Elsevier, Oxford
Gurao NP, Sethuraman S, Suwas S (2011) Effect of strain path change on the evolution of texture and microstructure during rolling of copper and nickel. Mater Sci Eng A 528:7739–7750
Deng C, Liu SF, Ji JL, Hao XB, Zhang ZQ, Liu Q (2014) Texture evolution of high purity tantalum under different rolling paths. J Mater Proc Technol 214:462–469
Leffers T, Ray RK (2009) The brass-type texture and its deviation from the copper-type texture. Prog Mater Sci 54:351–396
Leffers T, Jensen DJ (1986) Evaluation of the effect of initial texture on the development of deformation texture. Textures Microstruct 6:231–254
Jiang Y, Wang JT, Wang Y, Yin J (2015) Investigation on grain size effect of rolling texture in copper. Mater Sci Forum (accepted)
Gu CF, Toth LS, Zhang YD, Hoffman M (2014) Unexpected brass-type texture in rolling of ultrafine-grained copper. Scr Mater 92:51–54
Nakashima K, Horita Z, Nemoto M, Langdon TG (2000) Development of a multi-pass facility for equal-channel angular pressing to high total strains. Mater Sci Eng A 281:82–87
Montheillet F, Cohen M, Jonas JJ (1984) Axial stresses and texture development during the torsion testing of Al. Cu and α-Fe, Acta Metall 32:2077–2089
Beyerlein IJ, Tóth LS (2009) Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion. Prog Mater Sci 54:427–510
Merlini A, Beck PA (1953) Study of the origin of the cube texture. Acta Metall 1:598–606
Cortie MB (1997) Calculation of texture volume fractions by integration and Gaussian fitting. Textures Microstruct 29:155–183
Bunge HJ (1982) Texture analysis in materials science. Butterworth-Heinemann, London
Hansen N, Jensen DJ (1992) Flow stress anisotropy caused by geometrically necessary boundaries. Acta Metal Mater 40:3265–3275
Thorvaldsen A (1997) The intercept method—2. Determination of spatial grain size. Acta Mater 45:595–600
Valiev RZ IV, Alexandrov YTZhu, Lowe TC (2002) Paradox of strength and ductility in metals processed by severe plastic deformation. J Mater Res 17:5–8
Bhattacharjee PP, Joshi M, Chaudhary VP, Zaid M (2013) The effect of starting grain size on the evolution of microstructure and texture in nickel during processing by cross-rolling. Mater Charact 76:21–27
Hirsch J, Lücke K, Hatherly M (1988) Overview no. 76: mechanism of deformation and development of rolling textures in polycrystalline f.c.c. Metals—III. The influence of slip inhomogeneities and twinning. Acta Metall 36:2905–2927
Hirsch J, Lücke K (1988) Overview no. 76: mechanism of deformation and development of rolling textures in polycrystalline f.c.c. metals—II. Simulation and interpretation of experiments on the basis of Taylor-type theories. Acta Metall 36:2883–2904
Gu CF, Hoffman M, Toth LS, Zhang YD (2015) Grain size dependent texture evolution in severely rolled pure copper. Mater Charact 101:180–188
Pougis A, Toth LS, Fundenberger JJ, Borbely A (2014) Extension of the Derby relation to metals severely deformed to their steady-state ultrafine-grain size. Scr Mater 72–73:59–62
Stepanov ND, Kuznetsov AV, Salishchev GA, Raab GI, Valiev RZ (2012) Effect of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of copper subjected to ECAP with various numbers of passes. Mater Sci Eng A 554:105–115
Zhang J-Y, Liu G, Wang RH, Li J, Sun J, Ma E (2010) Double-inverse grain size dependence of deformation twinning in nanocrystalline Cu. Phys Rev B 81:1721041–1721044. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.172104
Zhu YT, Liao XZ, Wu XL, Narayan J (2013) Grain size effect on deformation twinning and detwinning. J Mater Sci 48:4467–4475. doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7140-0
Juul Jensen D, Hansen N (1990) Flow stress anisotropy in aluminium. Acta Metal Mater 38:1369–1380
Li ZJ, Winther G, Hansen N (2006) Anisotropy in rolled metals induced by dislocation structure. Acta Mater 54:401–410
Stoller RE, Zinkle SJ (2000) On the relationship between uniaxial yield strength and resolved shear stress in polycrystalline materials. J Nucl Mater 283–287:349–352
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the MOST of China (Grant No. 2012CB932203) and the NSFC (Grant No. 51171080).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, Y., Zhu, R., Wang, J.T. et al. An investigation on rolling texture transition in copper preprocessed by equal channel angular pressing. J Mater Sci 51, 5609–5624 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9862-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9862-2