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Effects of habitat type change on taxonomic and functional composition of orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) in the Brazilian Amazon

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Abstract

Land use change impact species richness and functional diversity (FD). In the Brazilian Amazon, we examined the impacts of oil palm plantations on orchid bee (Apidae: Euglossini) species using abundance and FD. We collected male orchid bees in oil palm plantation (PALM), legal reserves (LR), and riparian corridors (APP), and then we used morphological and life-history traits to characterize each species. We evaluated differences in bee body size by comparing intertegular span values. We tested the influence of habitat on taxonomic and functional parameters of orchid bees by applying a partial redundancy analysis (pRDA). We contrasted FD by calculating species richness, functional richness, and functional dispersion. We sampled 1176 bees from 30 species in 18 sampling days across 2015 and 2016. Males from PALM were 13.6% bigger than those in LR areas, and bees from APP showed a similar pattern compared to LR and PALM. Less than 15% of the variation in species composition was related to the distance among sampling sites, and 8% was due to habitat structure. In our pRDA, the spatial difference explained 6% of the variation in orchid bee traits, but there were no effects of habitat parameters upon FD. FD was reduced with land use change caused by oil palm plantations. Our findings support the belief that many bees are impacted by cultivated lands. Nevertheless, the functional similarity between LRs and APPs reflects common structural elements between them, although we did not find significant relationship between functional composition and habitat structure that we evaluated.

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Acknowledgements

We thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for supporting this research (Grant FAPAC 007/2014 for the first author). Authors CCP and JLK were supported by the National Science Foundation (Award Number 124344). We are indebted to Agropalma Group, especially J. Martins Jr. and P. Gaia, for facilitating our research. The Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia at the Universidade Federal do Pará and Conservation International Brazil helped us support and establish this partnership with Agropalma. We also thank J. Gomes and A. Monteiro Jr. for their field assistance, and Dr. F. Roque (UFMS) and Dr. L. Duarte (UFRGS) for their contributions in the text. Lastly, we thank the Brazilian Embrapa Amazônia Oriental and Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi agencies for their support in identifying the bee specimens and providing the consulting reference collection. We are also grateful to CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for granting a PhD scholarship to LSB (Process 140111/2015-8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Thaline F. Brito & Leandro S. Brasil

  2. Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Abelhas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Thaline F. Brito & Felipe A. L. Contrera

  3. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Colin C. Phifer

  4. Department of Biology, Wheaton College, Norton, MA, USA

    Jessie L. Knowlton

  5. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Leandro S. Brasil

  6. Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Márcia M. Maués

  7. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, Goiás, Brazil

    Daniel P. Silva

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  1. Thaline F. Brito
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  2. Felipe A. L. Contrera
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Correspondence to Thaline F. Brito.

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Brito, T.F., Contrera, F.A.L., Phifer, C.C. et al. Effects of habitat type change on taxonomic and functional composition of orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) in the Brazilian Amazon. J Insect Conserv 22, 451–463 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0073-9

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