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He i‘a make ka ‘opihi: Optimal Foraging Theory, Food Choice, and the Fish of Death

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Abstract

Efficiency-based frameworks have a long history in archaeological research and have been used particularly by zooarchaeologists when interpreting forager behaviour. The use of optimality models, such as the prey- and patch-choice models in Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT), have the ability to identify episodes of resource depression, but also behavioural anomalies in the archaeological record that deviated from predicted optimal behaviour. Deviations may be the result of social, cultural, or environmental factors. We investigated prehistoric harvesting of the culturally-important Hawaiian limpet (Cellana spp.) across fourteen sites on the windward, north coast of Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands. Prehistoric harvest of the three endemic limpet species (C. exarata, C. sandwicensis, C. talcosa) is compared with OFT-predicted harvesting, natural limpet abundance, and contemporary traditional gathering. Our results indicate that prehistoric limpet abundance does not reflect efficiency-based predictions or natural abundance of limpet populations. Ancient limpet harvesting in Hawai‘i is instead similar to present-day gathering and may have been shaped by social and cultural influences.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by The Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE Postgraduate Research Award) and an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship, awarded to Rogers. Some fieldwork was supported by grants from The Society for Hawaiian Archaeology (SHA Student Grant), Society of American Archaeology (SAA Dienje Kenyon Memorial Fellowship), and the School of Social Science, The University of Queensland (UQ). Weisler thanks the Nature Conservancy of Hawai‘i, the University of Otago, and the University of Queensland for supporting the excavations of the 14 study sites and processing of collections. Opportunities to conduct the biological surveys were made possible during 2018 and 2019 UQ Field School directed by Weisler. We appreciate the endless generosity and hospitality of the Mendes family while staying at their homestead. Rogers thanks Shankar Aswani for introducing her to costly-signalling theory.

Funding

Research was supported by The Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE Postgraduate Research Award: AJR), an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship (AJR), The Society for Hawaiian Archaeology (SHA Student Grant: AJR), Society of American Archaeology (SAA Dienje Kenyon Memorial Fellowship: AJR); the School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, the University of Otago (New Zealand), and the Nature Conservancy of Hawai‘i (MIW).

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    Ashleigh J. Rogers & Marshall I. Weisler

  2. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Marshall I. Weisler

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Rogers, A.J., Weisler, M.I. He i‘a make ka ‘opihi: Optimal Foraging Theory, Food Choice, and the Fish of Death. J Archaeol Method Theory 28, 1314–1347 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-021-09506-w

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