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A sulfated polysaccharide κ-carrageenan induced antioxidant defense and proteomic changes in chloroplast against leaf spot disease of tomato

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Abstract

Ecofriendly approaches to control plant diseases using biopolymers are gaining momentum due to their non-toxic nature to the environment. The present study elucidates the potency of a sulfated polysaccharide, κ-carrageenan, obtained from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, as an inducer of antioxidant defense and also chloroplast proteome against leaf spot disease in tomato. к-carrageenan (0.3%) treatment was very effective in reducing disease scores in tomato plants. Fluorescent microscopy of tomato leaves stained with Uvitex 2B (a chitin specific stain) revealed that foliar application of κ-carrageenan (0.3%) reduced colonization of the pathogen Septoria lycopersici. In addition, κ-carrageenan pretreatment followed by pathogen infection recorded a higher accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals. The treatment of κ-carrageenan resulted in the induction of H2O2 and superoxide anion compared to control or S. lycopersici-infected plants. The tomato leaves treated with κ-carrageenan showed higher activity of peroxidase enzyme. Furthermore, chloroplast proteome analysis by 2D-PAGE of control, S. lycopersici-infected, κ-carrageenan-treated, and к-carrageenan treatment followed by S. lycopersici-infected leaves of tomato showed differential expression of 31 proteins, of which 11 proteins were upregulated including acid phosphatase 1-like, C- terminal processing peptidase, GATA transcription factor 5, Calvin cycle protein CP12-1, Photosystem I reaction center subunit PSAK, and subunit of cytochrome B6-F complex iron-sulfur centers. These results indicated that κ-carrageenan could be a promising inducer of antioxidant defense and modulator of chloroplast proteome in tomato plants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank The Director, CAS in Botany, University of Madras, for providing the laboratory facility. SDM and NRK thank DST-SERB (ECR/2016/000165) for financial support. We thank Prof. N. Munuswamy, CSIR - Emeritus Scientist, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, for helping us with fluorescence microscopy.

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  1. Unit of Plant Pathology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India

    Sumithra Devi Mani, Muthukumar Govindan & Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam

  2. Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India

    Mehanathan Muthamilarasan

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  1. Sumithra Devi Mani
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  2. Muthukumar Govindan
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Sumithra Devi Mani: Investigation. Muthukumar Govindan: Investigation and formal analysis. Mehanathan Muthamilarasan: Methodology and validation. Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam: Conceptualization, supervision and writing- original draft preparation.

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Mani, S.D., Govindan, M., Muthamilarasan, M. et al. A sulfated polysaccharide κ-carrageenan induced antioxidant defense and proteomic changes in chloroplast against leaf spot disease of tomato. J Appl Phycol 33, 2667–2681 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02432-0

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