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Crosstalk between phytochemicals and inflammatory signaling pathways

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Abstract

Novel bioactive constituents from natural sources are actively being investigated. The phytochemicals in these phenolic compounds are believed to have a variety of beneficial effects on human health. Several phenolic compounds have been found in plants. The antioxidant potential of phenols has been discussed in numerous studies along with their anti-inflammatory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine, inducible cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. Through current study, an attempt is made to outline and highlight a wide variety of inflammation-associated signaling pathways that have been modified by several natural compounds. These signaling pathways include nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB), activator protein (AP)-1, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factors, tyrosine phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system. In light of the influence of natural substances on signaling pathways, their impact on the production of inflammatory mediator is highlighted in this review.

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Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Abbreviations

AKT:

RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

APC:

Adenomatosis polyposis coli

ARE:

Antioxidant response element

ATF:

Activating transcription factor

CAPE:

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester

CCL:

Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand

CK1:

Casein kinase 1

CG:

Catechin gallate

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

CXCL:

Chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand

cPLA2:

Cytosolic phospholipase A2

ECG:

Epicatechin gallate

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EGC:

Epigallocatechin

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

ELAM:

Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GC:

Gallocatechin

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

GSK3:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3

HETE:

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

HMC-1:

Human mast cell-1

HMVEC:

Human microvascular endothelial cells

HpETE:

Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

HO:

Heme oxygenase

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

ICAM:

Intercellular adhesion molecule

IкB:

Inhibitor of kappa B

IKK:

IкB kinase

IL:

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

iPLA2:

Calcium-independent phospholipase A2

JAK:

Janus tyrosine kinase

JNK:

C-Jun N-terminal kinase

Keap:

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

LT:

Leukotriene

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAPKK:

MAPK kinase

MAPKKK:

MAPK kinase kinase

MDM2:

Murine double minute 2

mTORC1:

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1

NF-кB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

nNOS:

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NQO:

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

PCA:

Protocatechuic acid

PDG:

Prodelphinidin B-4 3'-O-gallate

PG:

Prostaglandin

PH:

Plekstrin homology

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PIP3:

Phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate

PLA2:

Phospholipase A2

PP2A:

Protein phosphatase 2A

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

PPRE:

Peroxisome proliferator response element

PTKs:

Protein tyrosine kinases

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinases

RXR:

Retinoid X receptor

SCF:

Stem cell factor

Src:

Sarcoma

STAT:

Signal transducers and activators of transcription

Syk:

Spleen tyrosine kinase

sPLA2:

Secretory phospholipase A2

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TLR:

Tool-like receptor

TNBS:

2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TPA:

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

TRE:

Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate responsive element

TRX:

Thioredoxin

VCAM:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Institute for providing an excellent support to complete this work.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India

    Sonima Prasad, Vishal Kumar & Arti Singh

  2. Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India

    Arti Singh

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India

    Charan Singh

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SP: writing original draft and preparation of figures. VK: writing—review and editing, and reference. CS: critically review and editing. AS: conceptualization, supervision, critically review and editing.

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Prasad, S., Kumar, V., Singh, C. et al. Crosstalk between phytochemicals and inflammatory signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacol 31, 1117–1147 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01206-z

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