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Black Seed (Nigella sativa): A Favourable Alternative Therapy for Inflammatory and Immune System Disorders

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Abstract

In the recent years, various food additives, medicinal plants, and their bioactive components have been utilized in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy. Nigella sativa is a key dietary supplement and food additive which has a strong traditional background. It is also one of the most broadly studied seeds in the global pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sector. N. sativa seeds are potential sources of natural metabolite such as phenolic compounds and alkaloids. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities of these seeds, most peculiarly with reference to some inflammatory and immune mediators, are reviewed. N. sativa and its bioactive compounds modulate inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukins, and immunoglobulin levels. This paper comprehensively describes the biomarkers and signaling pathways underlying the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of N. sativa. This review also explains the scientific basis and the pharmacological properties of core bioactive ingredients of N. sativa responsible for these biological activities which indicates that their bioactive components could be possibly regarded as favorable therapy for disorders linked to inflammation and immune-dysregulation.

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Abbreviations

N. sativa :

Nigella sativa

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

LOX:

Lipooxygenase

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

BALF:

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

OH:

Hydroxyl radical

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MCP:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IRAK:

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1

MUC5:

Mucin 5

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)

ALI:

Acute lung injury

TBK:

TANK-binding kinase

AP 1:

Activator protein 1

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TQ:

Thymoquinine

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

PGE2:

Prostaglandin

INOs:

Inducible nitic oxide synthase

NF-ΚB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

CAT:

Catalase

NO:

Nitric oxide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

RBCs:

Red blood cells

PDA:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

CD:

Clusters of differentiation

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

Th cells:

T helper cells

OVA:

Ovalbumin

CRP:

C-reactive protein

HIF-1α:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha

JAK:

Janus kinase

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria

    Opeyemi Oluwafemi Ojueromi, Ganiyu Oboh & Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun

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Ojueromi, O.O., Oboh, G. & Ademosun, A.O. Black Seed (Nigella sativa): A Favourable Alternative Therapy for Inflammatory and Immune System Disorders. Inflammopharmacol 30, 1623–1643 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01035-6

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