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Quantum Watermarking Scheme Based on INEQR

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Abstract

Quantum watermarking technology protects copyright by embedding invisible quantum signal in quantum multimedia data. In this paper, a watermarking scheme based on INEQR was presented. Firstly, the watermark image is extended to achieve the requirement of embedding carrier image. Secondly, the swap and XOR operation is used on the processed pixels. Since there is only one bit per pixel, XOR operation can achieve the effect of simple encryption. Thirdly, both the watermark image extraction and embedding operations are described, where the key image, swap operation and LSB algorithm are used. When the embedding is made, the binary image key is changed. It means that the watermark has been embedded. Of course, if the watermark image is extracted, the key’s state need detected. When key’s state is |1〉, this extraction operation is carried out. Finally, for validation of the proposed scheme, both the Signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the security of the scheme are analyzed.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61463016, “Science and technology innovation action plan” of Shanghai in 2017 under Grant No. 17510740300, and the advantages of scientific and technological innovation team of Nanchang City under Grant No. 2015CXTD003; H.I. acknowledges support by FDCT of Macau under grant 065/2016/A2, University of Macau under grant MYRG2014-00052-FST, and National Science Foundation of China under grant 11404415.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Ri-Gui Zhou, Yang Zhou, Changming Zhu, Lai Wei & Xiafen Zhang

  2. Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, FST, University of Macau, Macau, China

    Hou Ian

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  1. Ri-Gui Zhou
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  2. Yang Zhou
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  3. Changming Zhu
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  4. Lai Wei
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  5. Xiafen Zhang
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  6. Hou Ian
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Correspondence to Yang Zhou.

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Zhou, RG., Zhou, Y., Zhu, C. et al. Quantum Watermarking Scheme Based on INEQR. Int J Theor Phys 57, 1120–1131 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-017-3642-x

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