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Experimental evaluation of the effect of a light-emitting diode device on Chinook salmon smolt entrainment in a simulated river

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Abstract

The entrainment and impingement of fish into water diversion infrastructure is one of the several factors contributing to their decline. Here, controlled experiments assessed the potential for a behavioral guidance device [a light-emitting diode (LED) light array] strobing at various spectra to reduce the entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into a water diversion pipe. Fish were tested during the day and night, and under control conditions (light off) and red, blue, and white spectra strobing at 2 Hz. Fish entrainment into the diversion pipe was evaluated. Results indicated greater entrainment at night compared to day. All trials at night with the LED light strobing had higher entrainment than the control, with blue and white spectra corresponding to greater entrainment than red spectra. During the day, the white spectra treatment was different from the red treatment, with lower entrainment. LED lights employed to repel migratory juvenile salmon away from water intake structures may be ineffectual but there is potential for the light to be used as an attractant to guide fish towards desirable features such as “safe” areas (bypass channels or fishways).

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Fig. 1

Modified from Mussen et al. (2013)

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the University of California, Davis Agricultural Experiment Station [Grant # 2098-H], and the Woodland Davis Clean Water Agency [Agreement #A29651]. The authors thank the Fangue Laboratory and J. Amorocho Hydraulics Laboratory members for all their assistance with fish rearing and flume operation. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments towards improving this manuscript.

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  1. M. J. Hansen

    Present address: Department of the Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany

  2. M. J. Hansen and A. E. Steel have been contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    M. J. Hansen, A. E. Steel, D. E. Cocherell & N. A. Fangue

  2. Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    S. J. Cooke

  3. ATET-TECH, Inc., 68 Maxwell Court, Thornhill, ON, L4J 6X8, Canada

    P. H. Patrick & M. Sills

  4. J. Amorocho Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA

    K. J. Carr & M. L. Kavvas

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PHP and MS are principals of ATET-Tech, the manufacturer of the LED device tested here. None of the other authors have a financial stake in ATET-Tech. Although PHP and MS were involved in study design and interpretation, all data were collected by the academic research team.

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Hansen, M.J., Steel, A.E., Cocherell, D.E. et al. Experimental evaluation of the effect of a light-emitting diode device on Chinook salmon smolt entrainment in a simulated river. Hydrobiologia 841, 191–203 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04022-1

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