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Temporal shifts in visual pigment absorbance in the retina of Pacific salmon

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Abstract

The visual pigments and photoreceptor types in the retinas of three species of Pacific salmon (coho, chum, and chinook) were examined using microspectrophotometry and histological sections for light microscopy. All three species had four cone visual pigments with maximum absorbance in the UV (λmax: 357–382 nm), blue (λmax: 431–446 nm), green (λmax: 490–553 nm) and red (λmax: 548–607 nm) parts of the spectrum, and a rod visual pigment with λmax: 504–531 nm. The youngest fish (yolk-sac alevins) did not have blue visual pigment, but only UV pigment in the single cones. Older juveniles (smolts) had predominantly single cones with blue visual pigment. Coho and chinook smolts (>1 year old) switched from a vitamin A1- to a vitamin A2-dominated retina during the spring, while the retina of chum smolts and that of the younger alevin-to-parr coho did not. Adult spawners caught during the Fall had vitamin A2-dominated retinas. The central retina of all species had three types of double cones (large, medium and small). The small double cones were situated toward the ventral retina and had lower red visual pigment λmax than that of medium and large double cones, which were found more dorsally. Temperature affected visual pigment λmax during smoltification.

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Acknowledgements

I thank the staff at the Capilano, Chilliwack, and Big Qualicum River hatcheries for providing the fish. This work was funded by NSERC grant # 238886 to the author.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada

    Iñigo Novales Flamarique

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Correspondence to Iñigo Novales Flamarique.

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Novales Flamarique, I. Temporal shifts in visual pigment absorbance in the retina of Pacific salmon. J Comp Physiol A 191, 37–49 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-004-0573-9

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