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Old sins have long shadows: climate change weakens efficiency of trophic coupling of phyto- and zooplankton in a deep oligo-mesotrophic lowland lake (Stechlin, Germany)—a causality analysis

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Abstract

Analysis of a long-term (1994–2014) data set of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the deep, dimictic, oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlin (Germany) revealed trend-like changes: phytoplankton biomass and resource use efficiency increased with proliferation of heterocytic cyanobacteria (Dolichospermum spp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae), and those of especially large-sized zooplankton (Eudiaptomus, Eurytemora) decreased. These reverse trends are clear eutrophication symptoms and suggest a long-term trophic decoupling with potential decrease in energy transport towards higher tropic levels. Total phosphorus increased significantly over time; however, there is no known external P load for Lake Stechlin. Causality analysis enabled us to identify the primary reason of the observed changes. According to the results, stronger and longer-lasting stratification (measured as relative water column stability) drove the observed changes and the gradual regime shift was initiated by an extreme weather event—both indicating that climate change has been the crucial driver of the planktic community in this lake. Our study also documents that there might be decadal delays between cause and consequences in aquatic food webs, supporting the essential importance of long-term monitoring efforts.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Michael Sachtleben, Maren Lentz, Uta Mallok, Monika Papke, Elfie Huth and Adelheid Scheffler for their field and laboratory assistance. Data processing and causality analysis were supported by the National Research Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH K120595, NKFIH-K113147, NN118902, Hungarian National Brain Research Program II., 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002). Trend analysis of environmental and biological parameters in relation to ecosystem functioning at each trophic level was supported by the National Research Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH PD 124681).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10, 8200, Hungary

    Géza B. Selmeczy & Judit Padisák

  2. Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163, Hungary

    András Abonyi

  3. Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775, Stechlin, Germany

    Lothar Krienitz, Peter Kasprzak & Peter Casper

  4. MTA-PE Budapest Ranking Research Group, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10, 8200, Hungary

    András Telcs

  5. Theoretical Neuroscience and Complex Systems Research Group, Department of Computational Sciences, MTA Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Konkoly-Thege M. u. 29-33, 1121, Hungary

    András Telcs & Zoltán Somogyvári

  6. Neuromicrosystems LTD, Budapest, Karolina u. 31, 1113, Hungary

    Zoltán Somogyvári

  7. MTA-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10, 8200, Hungary

    Judit Padisák

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  1. Géza B. Selmeczy
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Guest editors: Hugo Sarmento, Irina Izaguirre, Vanessa Becker & Vera L. M. Huszar / Phytoplankton and its Biotic Interactions

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Selmeczy, G.B., Abonyi, A., Krienitz, L. et al. Old sins have long shadows: climate change weakens efficiency of trophic coupling of phyto- and zooplankton in a deep oligo-mesotrophic lowland lake (Stechlin, Germany)—a causality analysis. Hydrobiologia 831, 101–117 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3793-7

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