Abstract
Turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa) is an important vegetable crop and produces valuable health-promoting phytochemicals which have been used for their nutraceutical value. The exogenous effects of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the contents of glucosinolate, individual and total phenolic compound, carotenoid, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content and their gene regulation of metabolic biosynthesis, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were studied in turnip plants. The JA treatments significantly increased the amount of glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Gluconasturtiin content was considerably increased by ABA treatment. Glucoallysin, sinigrin, progoitrin, gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin were highly increased in SA-treated plants. The content of lutein was higher in ABA and SA-treated plants compared with that in control plants. Carotenoid, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents were significantly increased with ABA, JA and SA treatment. Individual phenolic (flavonols, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids) and total phenolic, flavonoid content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were noticeably increased in ABA, JA and SA-treated plants. Furthermore, ABA, JA and SA-treated plants exhibited significantly increased expression of genes associated with the phytochemical production. Our results proved that ABA, JA and SA did significantly increase the concentration of health-benefiting phytochemicals and also increased biological activity in turnip plants.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- AGSL:
-
Aliphatic glucosinolates
- DPPH:
-
1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- DM:
-
Dry mass
- FM:
-
Fresh mass
- GSLs:
-
Glucosinolates
- HPLC–PDA:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detector
- IGSL:
-
Indole glucosinolates
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- MeJA:
-
Methyl jasmonate
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- TPC:
-
Total phenolic content
- TFC:
-
Total flavonoid content
- UHPLC–TQMS:
-
Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
- UHPLC:
-
Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
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Acknowledgments
This paper was supported by the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea to Muthu Thiruvengadam. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15051532).
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Thiruvengadam, M., Baskar, V., Kim, SH. et al. Effects of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid on the content of phytochemicals and their gene expression profiles and biological activity in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa). Plant Growth Regul 80, 377–390 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0178-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0178-7