Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of genetic diversity in yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp subsp. sesquipedalis Verdc.) germplasm from India using RAPD markers

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Germplasm characterization is essential to utilize and improve plant genetic resources in various breeding programs. The present study was aimed to characterize genetic variation in 28 accessions of yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis Verdc.) collected from different states of India. A total of 48 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were examined to generate binary data profiles, out of these 31 markers were informative with scorable and reproducible banding patterns. 100% polymorphism was attained across the genotypes with total 2447 amplicons. Among these, OPC8 was highest with outcome of 160 amplicons, OPS7 and OPD5 followed with 149 and 144 amplicons. The polymorphic information content value among the genotypes varied from 0.23 to 0.93. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.063 to 0.942 explaining wide genetic base. Dendrogram constructed by Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages method classified 28 genotypes into 5 major clusters. Cultivar IC-582860 was found to be unique due to its least similarity with other genotypes. IC-582850 and IC-582875 showed highest similarity with (94%). Correlation study among morphological traits also revealed highly positive correlation between seed protein content with pod length; 100 seed weight with pod length and seed protein content; pod yield with number of pods per cluster and number of pods per plant. Thus the present study reveals discrimination, characterization and differentiation of yardlong bean by explaining genetic variation between and within the genotypes. This may further useful for genome mapping, crop improvement and to develop new plant varieties with high yield and pod quality in yardlong bean.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amadou HI, Bebeli PJ, Kaltsikes PJ (2001) Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) germplasm revealed by RAPD markers. Genome 44:995–999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anatala TJ, Gajera HP, Savaliya DD, Domadiya RK, Patel SV, Golakiya BA (2014) Molecular diversity analysis of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes determined by ISSR and RAPD markers. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol 7(2):269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JA, Churchill GA, Autrique JE, Tanksley SD, Sorrells ME (1993) Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps. Genome 36(1):181–186. https://doi.org/10.1139/g93-024

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ano AO, Ubochi CI (2008) Nutrient composition of climbing and prostrate vegetable cowpea accessions. Afr J Biotechnol 7:3795–3798

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2014) Yard-long bean, plant guide. USDA plant database. http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_viuns2.pdf. Accessed 12 May 2014

  • AOAC (2005) Official methods of analysis, 16th edn. Association of official Analytical Chemistry, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Benchasri S, Bairaman C (2010) Evaluation of yield, yield components and consumers’ satisfaction towards yardlong bean and cowpea in agricultural organic system. Bulg J Agric Sci 16(3):705–712

    Google Scholar 

  • Coker C, Ely M, Freeman T (2007) Evaluation of yardlong bean as a potential new crop for growers in the southeastern United States. HortTechnology 17:592–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deivanai S, Thulasyammal R (2014) Phytostabilization potential of yardlong bean in removing cadmium from soil. J Stress Physiol Biochem 10:275–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi SL, Gurtu S, Chandra S, Yuejin W, Nigam SN (2001) Assessment of genetic diversity among selected groundnut germplasm. I: RAPD analysis. Plant Breed 120:345–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández M, Valenzuela S, Balocchi C (2006) RAPD and freezing resistance in Eucalyptus globulus. Electron J Biotechnol 9(3):303–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fery RL (2002) New opportunities in Vigna. In: Janick J, Whipkey A (eds) Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Virginia, pp 424–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghalmi N, Malice M, Jacquemin JM, Ounane SM, Mekliche L, Baudoin JP (2010) Morphological and molecular diversity within Algerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) landraces. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57:371–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hale AL, Farnham MW, Menz MA (2006) Effectiveness of PCR based markers for differentiating elite broccoli inbreds. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 131:418–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall AE (2004) Breeding for adaptation to drought and heat in cowpea. Eur J Agron 21:447–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamidou F, Zombre G, Diouf O, Diop NN, Guinko S, Braconnier S (2007) Physiological, biochemical and agromorphological responses of five cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to water deficit under glasshouse conditions. Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 11:225–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang H, Tan H, Xu D, Tang Y, Niu Y, Lai Y, Tie M, Li H (2018) High-density genetic map construction and comparative genome analysis in asparagus bean. Sci Rep 8(1):4836

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Igwe DO, Afiukwa CA, Ubi BE, Ogbu KI, Ojuederie OB, Ude GN (2017) Assessment of genetic diversity in Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp) accessions using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphic markers. BMC Genet 18(1):98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jayasinghe RC, Premachandra WD, Neilson R (2015) A study on Maruca vitrata infestation of Yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata subspecies sesquipedalis). Heliyon 1(1):e00014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karuppanapandian T, Karuppudurai T, Sinha PB, Haniya AMK, Manoharan K (2006) Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) landraces using random amplified polymor-phic DNA markers. Plant Physiol 32(3–4):141–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Li ZL, Nelson RL (2001) Genetic diversity among soybean accessions from three countries measured by RAPDs. Crop Sci 41:1337–1347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu LW, WangY Gong YQ, Zhao TM, Liu G, Li XY, Yu FM (2007) Assessment of genetic purity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hybrid using molecular markers. Sci Hortic 115(1):7–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovely B, Radhadevi DS (2006) Character association studies in Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis L. Verde.). Indian J Plant Genet Resour 19(1):80–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Maciel FL, Gerald LTS, Echeverrigaray S (2001) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers variability among cultivars and landraces of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of south-Brazil. Euphytica 120:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malviya N, Sarangi BK, Yadav MK, Yadav D (2012) Analysis of genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars with random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Plant Syst Evol 298(2):523–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messina MJ (1999) Legumes and soybeans, overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. Am J Clin Nutr 70:439–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nkongolo KK (2003) Genetic characterization of Malawian cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Landraces: diversity and gene flow among accessions. Euphytica 129:219–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patil DM, Sawardekar NB, Gokhale SG, Bhave SS, Sawant SA, Sawantdesai KA (2013) Genetic diversity analysis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) by using RAPD markers. Intl J Innov Biotechnol Biochem 1:15–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Phansak P, Taylor P, Srinives P, Mongkolporn O (2001) Level of polymorphisms in five accessions of yardlong bean revealed by RADPs and microsatellites. Warasan Witthayasat Kaset

  • Phansak P, Taylor PW, Mongkolporn O (2005) Genetic diversity in yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) and related Vigna species using sequence tagged microsatellite site analysis. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam) 106(2):137–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasanthi L, Geetha B, Jyothi BR, Reddy KR (2012) Evaluation of genetic diversity in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp gentotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Curr Biot 6(1):22–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Rambabu E, Reddy KR, Kamala V, Saidaiah P, Pandravada SR (2016) Genetic divergence for quality, yield and yield components in Yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Ssp. sesquipedalis Verdc.]. Legume Res 39(6):900–904

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf FJ (1998) NTSyS-p.c. numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system (version 2.0). Exeter Software Publishers Ltd., Setauket

    Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2012) R: a language and environment for statistical computing (version 3.5.3) [software]. http://www.R-project.org. Accessed 11 Mar 2019

  • Salim K, Khanda JM, Malik ZA (2010) Development of RAPD markers for authentication of medicinal plant Cuscuta reflexa. EurAsian J Biosci 4:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarutayophat T, Nualsri C, Santipracha Q (2007) Characterization and genetic relatedness among 37 Yardlong bean and cowpea accessions based on morphological characters and RAPD analysis. J Sci Technol 29(3). http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/29-3/0125-3395-29-3-0591-0600.pdf

  • Sharawy WM, El-Fiky ZA (2003) Characterization of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes based on yield traits and RAPD-PCR analysis. Arab J Biotechnol 6:67–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Kumar P, Gambhir G, Kumar R, Srivastava DK (2018) Assessment of genetic diversity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) germplasm using RAPD markers. 3 Biotech 8(1):9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh BB (2005) Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). In: Singh RJ, Jauhar PP (eds) Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement vol. grain legumes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 117–162

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Siva kumar V, Celine VA, Vahab AM (2014) Assessment of genetic divergence in among yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sequipedalis [L.]) genotypes. Legume Genom Genet 5(1):1–3

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian V, Gurtu S, Rao RN, Nigam SN (2000) Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Genome 43(4):656–660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thorat A, Gadewar RD (2013) Variability and correlation studies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Int J Environ Rehabil Conserv 4(1):44–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosti N, Negri V (2002) Efficiency of three PCR-based markers in assessing genetic variation among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) landraces. Genome 45:268–275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Udensi OU, Edu NE (2015) Evaluation and identification of genetic variation pattern in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] accessions using multivariate analyses. J Basic Appl Sci 11:149–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Udensi OU, Okon EA, Ikpeme EV, Onung OO, Ogban FU (2016) Assessing the genetic diversity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) accessions obtained from IITA, Nigeria using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Int J Plant Breed Genet 10(1):12–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ullah MZ, Hasan MJ, Rahman AHMA, Saki AI (2011) Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in yardlong bean. SAARC J Agric 9(2):9–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu P, Xiaohua W, Baogen W, Yonghua L, Dehui Q, Jeffery DE, Timothy JC, Tingting H, Zhongfu L, Guojing L (2010) Development and polymorphism of Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata microsatellite markers used for phylogenetic analysis in asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis (L.) Verdc.). Mol Breed 25(4):675–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu P, Wu X, Wang B, Liu Y, Ehlers JD, Close TJ, Roberts PA, Diop NN, Qin D, Hu T, Lu Z (2011) A SNP and SSR based genetic map of asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis) and comparison with the broader species. PLoS ONE 6(1):52

    Google Scholar 

  • Zannouou A, Kossou DK, Ahanchede A, Zoundjihekpon J, Agbicodo E, Struik PC, Sanni A (2008) Genetic variability of cultivated cowpea in Benin assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Afr J Biotechnol 7(24):4407–4414

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and laboratory support provided by College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University (SKLTSHU), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India

    Saidaiah Pidigam, Suchandranath Babu Munnam, Srinivas Nimmarajula, Narshimulu Gonela, Srivani S. Adimulam & Lavanya Bandari

  2. Regional Agricultural Research Station, PJTSAU, Warangal, Telangana, India

    Hari Yadla

  3. Regional Agricultural Research Station, PJTSAU, Palem, Nagarkurnool, Telangana, India

    Geetha Amarapalli

Authors
  1. Saidaiah Pidigam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suchandranath Babu Munnam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Srinivas Nimmarajula
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Narshimulu Gonela
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Srivani S. Adimulam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hari Yadla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Lavanya Bandari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Geetha Amarapalli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saidaiah Pidigam.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 11 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pidigam, S., Munnam, S.B., Nimmarajula, S. et al. Assessment of genetic diversity in yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp subsp. sesquipedalis Verdc.) germplasm from India using RAPD markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 66, 1231–1242 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-019-00782-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-019-00782-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation