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Vegetable oil and carbohydrate-rich diets marginally affected intestine histomorphology, digestive enzymes activities, and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream juveniles

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Abstract

For an increased incorporation of plant ingredients in aquafeeds at the expense of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO), more knowledge is needed on the effects at the intestine level of dietary vegetable oils (VO) and carbohydrates (CH), and of possible interactions. For that purpose, in this study, the activities of digestive pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, total alkaline proteases), gut microbiota, and histomorphology were assessed in gilthead sea bream (IBW 71.0 ± 1.5 g) fed four diets differing in lipid source (FO or a blend of VO) and carbohydrate content (0% or 20% gelatinized starch) for 81 days. No major changes in digestive enzyme activities were noticed in fish fed the experimental diets. Dietary VO, but not CH content, modified intestinal microbial profile, by increasing the similarity of bacterial communities. Especially when combined with CH, dietary VO promoted abnormal enterocyte architecture. Liver histology was also accessed, and an increased cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes was related with dietary CH inclusion, being only significantly different in fish fed FO-based diets. Overall, nutritional interactions between dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content were not observed on digestive enzyme activities and microbial profile. However, the intestine histological modifications observed in fish fed the VOCH+ diet suggest a negative interaction between dietary VO and CH. This requires a more in depth assessment in future studies as it can have negative consequences at a functional level.

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Funding

This work was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Operational Competitiveness Programme and national funds through FCT—under the project “PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011”. C.C., A.C., and CRS were supported by grants (SFRH/BPD/114942/2016, SFRH/BPD/101354/2014, SFRH/BPD/101038/2014 respectively) from FCT. A.D. was supported by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Carolina Castro, Alexandre F. Diógenes & Aires Oliva-Teles

  2. CIMAR/CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Carolina Castro, Ana Couto, Alexandre F. Diógenes, Cláudia R. Serra & Aires Oliva-Teles

  3. INRA-UPPA UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism Aquaculture, Aquapôle, 64310, St-Pee-sur-Nivelle, France

    Geneviève Corraze & Stéphane Panserat

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  1. Carolina Castro
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  4. Geneviève Corraze
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Correspondence to Cláudia R. Serra.

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Castro, C., Couto, A., Diógenes, A.F. et al. Vegetable oil and carbohydrate-rich diets marginally affected intestine histomorphology, digestive enzymes activities, and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream juveniles. Fish Physiol Biochem 45, 681–695 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-018-0579-9

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