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Genetic polymorphisms and DNA methylation in exon 1 CpG-rich regions of PACAP gene and its effect on mRNA expression and growth traits in half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

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Abstract

The pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a new type of hypophysiotropic hormone and plays an important role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone and gonadotropin. The research on the relationship between PACAP and different growth traits would contribute to explain its function during the process of growth. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation at the CpG sites of the SNPs, play important roles in regulating gene expression. The results suggest that a SNP mutation (c.C151G) in the PACAP gene of male half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is significantly associated with growth traits and serum physiological and biochemical parameters such as inorganic phosphorus (P < 0.05). The SNP is located in a CpG-rich region of exon 1. Intriguingly, the transition (C→G) added a new methylation site of PACAP gene. This SNP was also significantly related to the expression and methylation level of PACAP (P < 0.05). Individuals with GG genotype had faster growth rates than those of CG and CC genotypes. Moreover, GG genotype had significantly higher PACAP expression level and lower methylation level than CG and CC genotypes. In the serum indexes, only inorganic phosphorus content within GG genotypes was significantly higher than CC genotypes. This implied that the mutation and methylation status of PACAP gene could influence growth traits and this locus could be considered as a candidate genetic or epigenetic marker for Cynoglossus semilaevis molecular breeding.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by State 863 High-Technology R&D Project of China (2012AA10A403) and National Nature Science Foundation of China (31130057).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

    Yufeng Si, Feng He, Haishen Wen, Jifang Li, Junli Zhao, Yuanyuan Ren, Meilin Zhao, Liqin Ji, Zhengju Huang & Mo Zhang

  2. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

    Yufeng Si, Feng He, Haishen Wen, Jifang Li, Junli Zhao, Yuanyuan Ren, Meilin Zhao, Liqin Ji, Zhengju Huang & Mo Zhang

  3. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China

    Songlin Chen

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  1. Yufeng Si
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Si, Y., He, F., Wen, H. et al. Genetic polymorphisms and DNA methylation in exon 1 CpG-rich regions of PACAP gene and its effect on mRNA expression and growth traits in half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Fish Physiol Biochem 42, 407–421 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0147-5

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