Abstract
Due to the ecological impacts of fossil energy, renewable energy has become crucial for inclusion in the energy supply to realize a sustainable environment, enhance public welfare, and combat global climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy and eco-sustainability is hampered by certain factors, such as uncertainties in economic policies and corruption. To this end, this study delves into the effects of renewable energy, policy uncertainty, and corruption on CO2 emissions for a panel comprising Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRICS-1) regulating the environment Kuznets growth curve (EKGC) hypothesis for a period 1990–2020. The unique panel cross-sectional augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL) approach was used in the study, which addresses the constraints of standard procedures by integrating cross-sectional dependence heterogeneity and endogeneity. The findings demonstrated that renewable energy consumption and corruption control contribute to long-term emissions reductions; however, policy uncertainty threatens environmental sustainability. In addition, BRICS-1 nations can benefit from the EKGC theory. The study offers significant ramifications for reducing pollution and suggests that policymakers establish sustainable measures to reduce policy uncertainties, control corruption, and enact environmental regulations that foster a safer environment for all citizens.
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Notes
For more detail see: “CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions”. Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions.
BRICS consist of five countries Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The data on policy uncertainty for South Africa is not available; hence, it is excluded from the panel study, and we named it as BRICS-1 Panel.
The period is based on data availability. All variables' data are annually except for PU, which is monthly. Therefore, the monthly PU data are transformed to annual frequencies using the average observation technique in EViews.
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Sadiq, M., Hassan, S.T., Khan, I. et al. Policy uncertainty, renewable energy, corruption and CO2 emissions nexus in BRICS-1 countries: a panel CS-ARDL approach. Environ Dev Sustain (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03546-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03546-w