Abstract
This study assesses the variability of physicochemical and biochemical parameters, identifies principal pollutant sources, and characterizes water quality in Yuriria reservoir using water quality indexes in combination with multivariate statistical techniques. In situ parameters were measured in 55 reservoir sites including surface and deep points and in 7 associated channels. Moreover, major compounds and biochemical data were determined. Yuriria reservoir had alkaline, bicarbonate-mixed waters, with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 393.83 ± 3.43 mg L−1. Water quality index (WQI) indicated a good class for agricultural irrigation but very poor and poor classes for preservation of aquatic life. The nutrient inputs and the internal nitrogen recycling triggered a hypereutrophic status in the reservoir. The decomposition of residual biomass from aquatic macrophytes contributed to reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) in the hypolimnetic waters (mean DO = 3.86 mg L−1). Statistical analysis revealed that the study area is highly exposed to anthropogenic stress and in a lesser extent to natural processes. Urban and agriculture runoff enhanced the salinization and the generation of solid particles which deteriorated water quality. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and NO3−-N presented a common anthropogenic origin by external (point and diffuse) and internal pollution sources, while a diffuse source (agricultural activities) was reveled for phosphorus. This study is important to be used in systematic monitoring and sustainable co-management programs and for formulating the necessary strategies to remediate the Yuriria reservoir water quality and extrapolate to other reservoirs worldwide.
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Acknowledgements
G.A.Z., M.J.P.A., and A.S.R. are members of the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT), Mexico, whereas K.L.L. is a member of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina. C.S.M.R. was supported by a fellowship from CONACyT. The authors want to thank the Universidad de Guanajuato for providing the necessary infrastructure and materials for the development of this study. Special thanks are due to Juan Miguel Reyes Cisneros, David Guzmán González, and Pedro Santoyo for their support during the project.
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This study was fully funded by the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Ordenamiento Territorial (SMAOT; Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato, México), with the number SMAOT-DGAJ-SOTyGRN-DGRN/COLABORACIÓN/CUVEN/Q17/2020.
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Gabriela A. Zanor wrote the main manuscript text, revised, validated, and acquired funding. Karina L. Lecomte wrote the main manuscript text, worked on the statistical analysis, and prepared Fig. 7. María de Jesús Puy Y Alquiza worked on the Supporting Information and reviewed the manuscript. Adriana Saldaña-Robles worked on the statistical analysis and reviewed the manuscript. Cinthya Manjarrez-Rangel worked on the methodology and prepared Figs. 1, 2, and 5. Carlos Rubio-Jiménez prepared Fig. 6 and worked on editing the manuscript. Nathalie Pussetto prepared Figs. 3 and 4 and reviewed the manuscript.
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Zanor, G.A., Lecomte, K.L., Jesús Puy Y Alquiza, M. et al. A 16th century artificial reservoir under human pressure: water quality variability assessment in Laguna de Yuriria, central Mexico. Environ Monit Assess 195, 182 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10782-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10782-6