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Advances in the management of radioactive wastes and radionuclide contamination in environmental compartments: a review

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Abstract

Several anthropogenic activities produce radioactive materials into the environment. According to reports, exposure to high concentrations of radioactive elements such as potassium (40K), uranium (238U and 235U), and thorium (232Th) poses serious health concerns. The scarcity of reviews addressing the occurrence/sources, distribution, and remedial solutions of radioactive contamination in the ecosystems has fueled data collection for this bibliometric survey. In rivers and potable water, reports show that several parts of Europe and Asia have recorded radionuclide concentrations much higher than the permissible level of 1 Bq/L. According to various investigations, activity concentrations of gamma-emitting radioactive elements discovered in soils are higher than the global average crustal values, especially around mining activities. Adsorption technique is the most prevalent remedial method for decontaminating radiochemically polluted sites. However, there is a need to investigate integrated approaches/combination techniques. Although complete radionuclide decontamination utilizing the various technologies is feasible, future research should focus on cost-effectiveness, waste minimization, sustainability, and rapid radionuclide decontamination. Radioactive materials can be harnessed as fuel for nuclear power generation to meet worldwide energy demand. However, proper infrastructure must be put in place to prevent catastrophic disasters.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Adapted with modification from the decay chains at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_chain

Fig. 3

Adapted with permission from Xiao et al. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 4

Adapted from Chemical Geology, Newsome et al. 363, 164–184, Copyright 2014 Elsevier

Fig. 5

Reprinted from Chemical Engineering Journal, 353, Huang et al., Unexpected ultrafast and high adsorption of U(VI) and Eu(III) from solution using porous Al2O3 microspheres derived from MIL-53, 157–166, 2018, with permission from Elsevier

Fig. 6

Adapted with slight modification from US Energy Information Administration, 2021

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

    A. O. Adeola

  2. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa

    A. O. Adeola & K. A. Adegoke

  3. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    K. O. Iwuozor

  4. Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa

    K. G. Akpomie & J. Conradie

  5. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    K. G. Akpomie

  6. Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARChI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa

    K. O. Oyedotun

  7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria

    J. O. Ighalo

  8. Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

    J. F. Amaku

  9. Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

    C. Olisah

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  1. A. O. Adeola
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  2. K. O. Iwuozor
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  3. K. G. Akpomie
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  4. K. A. Adegoke
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  5. K. O. Oyedotun
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  6. J. O. Ighalo
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  7. J. F. Amaku
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  8. C. Olisah
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  9. J. Conradie
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Contributions

AOA was involved in conceptualization; methodology; writing—original draft; writing—review and editing; supervision; validation; project administration. KOI, KGA, KOO, JFA, KAA, JOI, CO, and JC helped in writing—review and editing; validation.

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Correspondence to A. O. Adeola.

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Adeola, A.O., Iwuozor, K.O., Akpomie, K.G. et al. Advances in the management of radioactive wastes and radionuclide contamination in environmental compartments: a review. Environ Geochem Health 45, 2663–2689 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01378-7

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