Abstract
Altered astrocytic function is a contributing factor to the development of neurological diseases and neurodegeneration. Berry fruits exert neuroprotective effects by modulating pathways involved in inflammation, neurotransmission, and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the lingonberry extract on cellular viability and oxidative stress in astrocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the reversal protocol, primary astrocytic cultures were first exposed to 1 µg/mL LPS for 3 h and subsequently treated with lingonberry extract (10, 30, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. In the prevention protocol, exposure to the lingonberry extract was performed before treatment with LPS. In both reversal and prevention protocols, the lingonberry extracts, from 10 to 100 μg/mL, attenuated LPS-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (around 55 and 45%, respectively, P < 0.01), nitrite levels (around 50 and 45%, respectively, P < 0.05), and acetylcholinesterase activity (around 45 and 60%, respectively, P < 0.05) in astrocytic cultures at 24 and 48 h. Also, in both reversal and prevention protocols, the lingonberry extract also prevented and reversed the LPS-induced decreased cellular viability (around 45 and 90%, respectively, P < 0.05), thiol content (around 55 and 70%, respectively, P < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase activity (around 50 and 145%, respectively, P < 0.05), in astrocytes at both 24 and 48 h. Our findings suggested that the lingonberry extract exerted a glioprotective effect through an anti-oxidative mechanism against LPS-induced astrocytic damage.
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This research was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq - 480541/2013-2), Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). We are grateful to Christian Hansen LTDA for providing the lingonberry extract used in this study.
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Simone Muniz Pacheco—Experimental design, culture preparation and treatment, acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress analysis, discussion of results and manuscript preparation. Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja—Experimental design, culture preparation and treatment, cellular viability, acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress analysis, discussion of results and manuscript preparation. Taíse Rosa de Carvalho—Astrocytes culture preparation and treatment com lingonberry extract and lipopolysaccharide. Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares—Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress analysis. Pathise Souto Oliveira—Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress analysis. Elita Ferreira da Silveira—Astrocytes culture preparation and treatment com lingonberry extract and lipopolysaccharide. Cellular viability analysis. Francieli Moro Stefanello—Experimental design and interpretation and discussion of the oxidative stress results. Elizandra Braganhol—Astrocytes culture preparation, experimental design and interpretation and discussion of the cellular viability results. Jessié Martins Gutierres—Experimental design, obtainment of lingonberry extract and statistical analysis. Roselia Maria Spanevello—Experimental design, statistical analysis, interpretation and discussion of results and manuscript preparation.
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Pacheco, S.M., Azambuja, J.H., de Carvalho, T.R. et al. Glioprotective Effects of Lingonberry Extract Against Altered Cellular Viability, Acetylcholinesterase Activity, and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Astrocytes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 38, 1107–1121 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0581-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0581-x