Abstract
This work successfully fabricated flexible substrates made of cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced chitosan (CNC-Ch) through a simple water-based casting method. The rice husk cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were employed to reinforce the chitosan (Ch) matrix in the range of 10–50 wt%. The CNC-Ch substrates produced compact homogenous film with good dispersion and distribution of CNCs within the chitosan matrix. Afterward, the CNC-Ch substrate was applied to form a self-standing hard carbon anode with a mass loading of 5 mg/cm2. As an anode, the hard carbon with 10 wt% of CNC showed the highest electronic conductivity of 0.9774 S/cm and ionic conductivity of 2.12 × 10–5 S/cm in half-cell of hard carbon | NaClO4 1 M EC: DMC (1:1) | Na, with acceptable mechanical properties. These characteristics indicate a promising CNC-Ch substrate candidate for flexible hard carbon anodes for advanced sodium-ion battery applications.
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Acknowledgments
This research is part of the dissertation research of Dewi Idamayanti, funded by The Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP). Dewi Idamayanti is thankful for the LPDP scholarship supporting her doctoral study at ITB with contract no. KET-719/LPDP.4/2020. The authors also acknowledge Kuraray Ltd. Co for providing hard carbon samples used in the experiment. BY and AN also acknowledge the financial support from Research, Community Service, and Innovation Research Grant, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2023 (PPMI FTI ITB 2023),
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All authors contributed to the research; conceptualization was designed by AN, BY, and BSP. Methodology, writing, and original draft were prepared by DI. Material preparation, data collecting, and analysis were performed by DI and DT. Software is provided by MRGN. Writing-review was carried out by AR, AN, BY, and NLWS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Idamayanti, D., Taufik, D., Nadi, M.R.G. et al. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced chitosan composite as a potential substrate for flexible hard carbon anode in sodium-ion battery. Cellulose 30, 7713–7728 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05341-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05341-2