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The impact of social and environmental factors on cancer biology in Black Americans

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Abstract

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with early onset of chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. The involvement of neighborhood-level factors in defining cancer risk and outcomes for marginalized communities has been an active area of research for decades. Yet, the biological processes that underlie the impact of SES on chronic health conditions, such as cancer, remain poorly understood. To date, limited studies have shown that chronic life stress is more prevalent in low SES communities and can affect important molecular processes implicated in tumor biology such as DNA methylation, inflammation, and immune response. Further efforts to elucidate how neighborhood-level factors function physiologically to worsen cancer outcomes for disadvantaged communities are underway. This review provides an overview of the current literature on how socioenvironmental factors within neighborhoods contribute to more aggressive tumor biology, specifically in Black U.S. women and men, including the impact of environmental pollutants, neighborhood deprivation, social isolation, structural racism, and discrimination. We also summarize commonly used methods to measure deprivation, discrimination, and structural racism at the neighborhood-level in cancer health disparities research. Finally, we offer recommendations to adopt a multi-faceted intersectional approach to reduce cancer health disparities and develop effective interventions to promote health equity.

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Acknowledgments

We thank our funders, National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program, Center for Cancer Research, and the Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program for their support in completing this work.

Funding

This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research; Brittany Lord and Alexandra Harris are supported by the Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program.

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  1. Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg. 37/Room 3050, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA

    Brittany D. Lord, Alexandra R. Harris & Stefan Ambs

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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BL and A. H. B.L. prepared Fig. 1. Manuscript revisions and figure edits were completed by all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Lord, B.D., Harris, A.R. & Ambs, S. The impact of social and environmental factors on cancer biology in Black Americans. Cancer Causes Control 34, 191–203 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-022-01664-w

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