Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

24 January 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ, Turkey earthquake: geotechnical evaluation and performance of structures

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ (Mw = 6.8) earthquake occurred on the East Anatolian Fault zone. Main shock of this earthquake was occurred 20:55 at local time. The Peak Ground Acceleration was equal to 0.3 g at the epicenter (Sivrice district) of the earthquake. Even though the main shock was moderate, its effects on the structures were rather serious. The main shock caused significant damage and resulted in 41 casualties. 1540 buildings were damaged moderately, while 8519 buildings were damaged heavily and collapsed. This main shock effected four cities surrounded the epicenter due to its shallow earthquakes. The purpose of this paper is to summarize past and present seismic characteristics of the earthquake region. In addition, the aim of this paper is to summarize the seismotectonic of the region, the general characteristics of the earthquake and more specifically to report on the structural damage, and structural damage caused by the earthquake, observed during the site investigation. The damages were classified for reinforced concrete structures, masonry dwellings and non-residential structures. All distinguished earthquake induced failures and damages were discussed. Moreover, lessons learned were presented in this study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
Fig. 28
Fig. 29
Fig. 30
Fig. 31
Fig. 32
Fig. 33
Fig. 34
Fig. 35

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adhikari RK, D’Ayala D (2020) 2015 Nepal earthquake: seismic performance and post-earthquake reconstruction of stone in mud mortar masonry buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 7:1–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Akkar S, Sandıkkaya MA, Bommer JJ (2014) Empirical ground-motion models for point-and extended-source crustal earthquake scenarios in Europe and the Middle East. Bull Earthq Eng 12(1):359–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atmaca B, Demir S, Günaydın M, Altunışık AC, Hüsem M, Ateş Ş, Adanur S, Angın Z (2020a) Lessons learned from the past earthquakes on building performance in Turkey. J Struct Eng Appl Mech 3(2):61–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atmaca B, Demir S, Günaydin M, Altunişik AC, Hüsem M, Ateş Ş, Adanur S, Angin Z (2020b) Field investigation on the performance of mosques and minarets during the Elazig-Sivrice earthquake. J Perform Constr Facil 34(6):04020120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ateş Ş, Kahya V, Yurdakul M, Adanur S (2013) Damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to consecutive earthquakes in Van. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 53:109–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayraktar A, Altunışık AC, Türker T, Karadeniz H, Erdoğdu Ş, Angın Z, Özşahin TŞ (2015) Structural performance evaluation of 90 RC buildings collapsed during October 23 and November 9, 2011 Van, Turkey, earthquakes. J Performa Constr Facil 6:04014177119

    Google Scholar 

  • Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (2020) January 24, Sivrice-Elazığ earthquake. Press Bulletin, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Calayır Y, Sayın E, Yön B (2012) Performance of structures in the rural area during the March 8, 2010 Elazığ-Kovancılar earthquake. Nat Hazards 61(2):703–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DEMA (2020) January 24, 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake Report, Turkey Republic, The Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Administration (DEMA)

  • Demirtaş R, Erkmen C (2008) Earthquake seismicity of east anatolian fault zone-future earthquake potential (in Turkish)

  • Emre Ö, Duman TY, Özalp S, Şaroğlu F, Olgun Ş, Elmacı H, Can T (2018) Active fault database of Turkey. Bull Earthq Eng 16(8):3229–3275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erken A, Nomaler GŞ, Gündüz Z (2018) The development of attenuation relationship for Northwest Anatolia region. Arab J Geosci 11(2):21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Göçer C (2020) Structural evaluation of masonry building damages during the April 24, 2014 Gökçeada earthquake in the Aegean Sea. Bull Earthq Eng 18:3459–3483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson J, McKenzie D (1984) Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt between western Turkey and Pakistan. Geohys J Int 77:185–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kürçer A, Elmacı H, Yıldırım N, Özalp S (2020) January 24, 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Depremi (Mw = 6.8) Field Observation and Evaluation Report, Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, Ankara (in Turkish)

  • Mollamahmutoğlu M, Babuçcu F (2006) Liquefaction analysis and improvement methods in soils. Gazi Press, Ankara ((in Turkish))

    Google Scholar 

  • Onat O (2019) Experimental damage evaluation of prototype infill wall based on forced vibration test. Adv Concr Constr 8(2):77–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Onat O, Correia AA, Lourenço PB, Koçak A (2018) Assessment of the combined in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of brick infill walls within reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 47(14):2821–2839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sayın E, Yön B, Calayır Y, Gör M (2014) Construction failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey. Struct Eng Mech 51(3):503–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sayın E, Yön B, Calayır Y, Karaton M (2013) Failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the June 23, 2011 Maden-(Elazığ) earthquake in Turkey. Eng Fail Anal 34:779–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şentürk S, Çakır Z, Ergintav S, Karabulut H (2019) Reactivation of the Adıyaman Fault (Turkey) through the Mw 5.7 2007 Sivrice earthquake: an oblique listric normal faulting within the Arabian-Anatolian plate boundary observed by InSAR. J Geodyn 131:101654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sezen H, Whittaker AS, Elwood KJ, Mosalam KM (2003) Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake, and seismic design and construction practise in Turkey. Eng Struct 25(1):103–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabban, A., (2000) Kentlerin Jeolojisi ve Deprem Durumu. Turkey Chamber of Jeology Engineers Press, vol 56.

  • Turkish Building Earthquake Code (2018) Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, Ankara (in Turkish)

  • Turkish Earthquake Code (2007), Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara (in Turkish)

  • URL1: www.deprem.gov.tr. Accessed 16 Sep 2020

  • URL2: https://www.elazigsonhaber.com/. Accessed 20 Apr 2020

  • Yön B, Onat O, Öncü ME (2019) Earthquake damage to nonstructural elements of reinforced concrete buildings during 2011 Van seismic sequence. J Perform Constr Facil 33(6):04019075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yön B, Onat O, Öncü ME, Karaşin A (2020) Failures of masonry dwelling triggered by East Anatolian Fault earthquakes in Turkey. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 133:106126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yön B, Sayın E, Onat O (2017) Earthquakes and structural damages. In: Zouaghi T (ed) Earthquakes-tectonics, hazard and risk mitigation. InTech, Rijeka, pp 319–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Yön B, Sayın E, Köksal TS (2013) Seismic response of buildings during the May 19, 2011 Simav, Turkey earthquake. Earthq Struct 5(3):343–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yön B, Sayın E, Calayır Y, Ulucan ZC, Karataş M, Şahin H, Alyamaç KE, Bildik AT (2015) Lessons learned from recent destructive Van, Turkey earthquakes. Earthq Struct 9(2):431–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yürür MT, Chorowicz J (1998) Recent volcanism, tectonics and plate kinematics near the junction of the African, Arabian and Anatolian plates in the eastern Mediterranean. J Volcanol Geoth Res 85(1–4):1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Fırat University, 23000, Elazığ, Turkey

    Erkut Sayın, Mesut Gör, Esra Tuğrul Tunç, Dursun Bakır, Muhammet Karaton & Yusuf Calayır

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey

    Burak Yön

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey

    Onur Onat

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey

    Mehmet Emin Öncü

Authors
  1. Erkut Sayın
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Burak Yön
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Onur Onat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mesut Gör
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mehmet Emin Öncü
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Esra Tuğrul Tunç
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dursun Bakır
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Muhammet Karaton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yusuf Calayır
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Burak Yön.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sayın, E., Yön, B., Onat, O. et al. 24 January 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ, Turkey earthquake: geotechnical evaluation and performance of structures. Bull Earthquake Eng 19, 657–684 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-01018-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-01018-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation