Abstract
We herein investigated Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a probiotic, paraprobiotic and their synbiotic combination in the diet of dourado Salminus brasiliensis. Two hundred and forty juvenile S. brasiliensis with average weight and length of 6.78 ± 1.65 g and 8.97 ± 0.42 cm were randomly distributed in 16 experimental units (300 L) under four treatments: diet without additive (control), 0.02% probiotic (L. rhamnosus 108 CFU), 2.0% paraprobiotic (inactive L. rhamnosus 1010 CFU) and synbiotic (probiotic + paraprobiotic), all in quadruplicate, for 45 days. Then, zootechnical performance, hemato-biochemicals (pre-and post-challenge), intestinal and hepatic histomorphometric analyses were performed, in addition to a bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. The feed intake was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the probiotic group. The allomeric condition factors were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish from the paraprobiotic and synbiotic groups. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the blood count between the supplemented groups and the control group. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the blood count between the pre- and post-challenge periods. Fish in the synbiotic groups had higher total villi height and villi height when compared to fish in the probiotic and control group. The serosa were significantly (p < 0.05) thicker in the intestines of fish from the probiotic and synbiotic groups. Goblet cells were significantly numerous (p < 0.05) in fish from the synbiotic group. In conclusion, the use of 0.02% probiotic, 2.0% paraprobiotic, and synbiotic proved to be a promising practice due to their action on productive performance, enabling weight gain similar to that of control group with lower feed intake. In addition to improving intestinal immune-histomosphometric parameters, possibly promoting an improved condition in facing intestinal pathogens.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for a Master’s scholarship to the first author and GABBIA Biotecnologia® for donating the additive. Projeto Pacu Aquicultura Ltda. is also acknowledged for donating the fish.
Funding
The Foundation for the Development of Education, Science and Technology of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul / FUNDECT-MS provide the Research Fund [Proc. nº 71/044.568/2022; Grant nº 884, SIAFEM 32421].
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F.C.O. Experimental execution, Writing – original draft, Methodology. P.R.D.A. Experimental execution. R.G.D.S.A. Experimental execution. M.S.O. Data curation, Writing – original draft, final writing. F.P. Experimental execution, Methodology, bacterial challenge strain. C.E.D.S.F. Experimental execution; C.M.D.C. Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Resources and Supervision.
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The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (CEUA) of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul – UEMS, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil, under Protocol Nº 034/2022 and followed all ethical principles in animal experimentation. All fish used in biological analyzes were previously anesthetized with Eugenol (50 mg L−1) and euthanized by spinal cord transection.
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Highlights
• Feed intake of Salminus brasiliensis was significantly lower in the probiotic group.
• Allomeric condition factors of S. brasiliensis were significantly higher in paraprobiotic and synbiotic groups.
• Symbiotic and probiotic groups showed intestinal improvements.
• Goblet cells were significantly higher in S. brasiliensis from synbiotic group.
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Oliveira, F.C., de Almeida, P.R., dos Santos Almeida, R.G. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus improves feed intake, condition factors, hepatic and intestinal histomorphometric indexes of dourado Salminus brasiliensis. Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01400-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01400-y