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Diversity of cultivable halophilic archaea and bacteria from superficial hypersaline sediments of Tunisian solar salterns

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Abstract

Prokaryotes in the superficial sediments are ecologically important microorganisms that are responsible for the decomposition, mineralization and subsequent recycling of organic matter. The aim of this study was to explore the phylogenetic and functional diversity of halophilic archaea and bacteria isolated from the superficial sediments of solar salterns at Sfax, Tunisia. Sixty four strains were isolated from crystallizer (TS18) and non-crystallizer (M1) ponds and submitted to genotypic characterization and evaluation by amplified ribosomal RNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) techniques. Our findings revealed that the archaeal diversity observed for 29 isolates generated five distinct patterns from the non-crystallizer M1 pond, with Halorubrum chaoviator as the most prevalent cultivable species. However, in the TS18 crystallizer pond, ten restriction patterns were observed, with the prevalence of haloarchaea EB27K, a not yet identified genotype. The construction of a neighbour-joining tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences resulted in the division of the potential new species into two major groups, with four strains closely related to the sequence of the unculturable haloarchaeon EB27K and one strain to the recently described Halovenus aranensis strain. The 35 bacterial strains observed in this work were present only in the non-crystallizer pond (M1) and presented two distinct ARDRA patterns. These strains belonged to the γ-proteobacteria subdivision, with members of Salicola marasensis (83 %) being the most predominant species among the isolates. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Salicola strains displayed different degrees of homogeneity. The results from pulsed field gel electrophoresis assays showed that the Salicola isolates could be clustered in two distinct groups with different genome sizes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Mr. Anouar Smaoui and Mrs. Hanen Ben Salem from the English language unit at the Sfax Faculty of Science, Tunisia, for their valuable language editing and polishing services.

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  1. Unité Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes aquatiques (UR11ES72), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, Sfax, Tunisia

    Ines Boujelben & Sami Maalej

  2. Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain

    Ines Boujelben & Manuel Martínez-García

  3. Liver Research Facility/Labo Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Gebouw Onderwijs en Navorsing 1, bus 703, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium

    Jos van Pelt

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  1. Ines Boujelben
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Boujelben, I., Martínez-García, M., van Pelt, J. et al. Diversity of cultivable halophilic archaea and bacteria from superficial hypersaline sediments of Tunisian solar salterns. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106, 675–692 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0238-9

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